贵州省烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配度研究

Research on Matching Degree Between Water Conservancy Project for Tobacco and Tobacco Drought in Guizhou Province

为评价贵州省烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配程度,利用2006~2017年贵州省17个气象站点逐日降雨数据、烟草产量数据和烟水工程供水数据,构建了烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配度评价模型,并提出匹配度等级标准,对贵州省烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配度进行评价。结果表明,烟水工程在一定程度上缓解了贵州省烟草干旱,但烟水工程与烟草干旱间匹配关系仍有待提升。黔西南、黔南、安顺、六盘水、贵阳匹配度分别为55.4%、52.1%、46.2%、45.9%、44.7%、34.4%,处于第四级,烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配度较差;毕节、黔东南、铜仁、遵义匹配度分别为31.7%、28.6%、26.8%,处于第五级,烟水工程与烟草干旱匹配度差。不同生育阶段中,伸根期缺水主要出现在90%、95%有效降雨频率下,旺长期、成熟期缺水在各有效降雨频率下,伸根期匹配度最好,旺长期次之,成熟期匹配度最低。建议未来烟水工程布局着重加强遵义、铜仁、黔东南地区烟水工程建设力度,提升烟水工程布局合理性,增强烟草抗旱稳产保障能力。

In order to evaluate the matching degree between water conservancy project for tobacco and tobacco drought in Guizhou Province, the daily rainfall data from 17 meteorological stations, tobacco production and water supply data of water conservancy project for tobacco during 2006-2017 was used to construct a matching degree evaluation model, and grade standard of matching degree was proposed. The results show that the water conservancy project for tobacco alleviated tobacco drought to a certain extent. However, the matching relationship between water conservancy project for tobacco and tobacco drought still needs to be improved. The matching degrees of Qianxinan, Qiannan, Anshun, Liupanshui, and Guiyang were 55.4%, 52.1%, 46.2%, 45.9%, 44.7%, and 34.4%, respectively, which were in the fourth grade with a poor matching degree. The matching degrees of Bijie, Qiandongnan, Tongren, and Zunyi were 31.7%, 28.6%, and 26.8%, respectively, which were in the fifth grade with a worse matching degree. In different growth stages, water shortage in root extension period mainly occurred in 90% and 95% effective rainfall frequency, and water shortage in prosperous and mature periods mainly occurred in each effective rainfall frequency. Additionally, the lowest matching degree occurred at the mature period. It is suggested that in the future, the layout of the water conservancy project for tobacco should focus on strengthening the construction in Zunyi, Tongren and Qiandongnan, and improve the rationality of the layout of water conservancy project for tobacco, as well as enhance the guarantee ability of drought resistance of tobacco.