黄河流域入海口典型区域有机磷酸酯分布特征和风险评估

Occurrence Distribution and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in A Typical Area of the Estuary in the Yellow River Basin

有机磷酸酯(OPEs)作为一类新污染物,具有毒性、持久性和生物累积性等特征,在生产生活中广泛使用且易进入环境中,对生态系统存在潜在风险.利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了黄河干流及其支流入海口典型区域地表水中14种OPEs的浓度水平并总结分布特征,使用相关性分析和主成分分析解析其污染来源,并评价其生态风险.结果表明,各点位地表水中∑14OPEs浓度范围为183.81~1674.52 ng·L^(-1),平均值为638.25 ng·L^(-1),磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)和磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)是主要的OPEs;流经城市区域的小清河与黄河干流和其它支流的OPEs组成特征不同,表明人类活动影响较大.∑14OPEs沿黄河入海口方向先升高后,呈现出明显的区域性.源解析结果显示不同行业工业废水排放和交通运输等人类活动和大气沉降是地表水中OPEs的来源.生态风险评估结果表明在黄河干流、小清河和支脉河中TCEP对水生生物具有高风险,磷酸正三丁酯(TnBP)和磷酸三苯酯(TPhP)在部分点位存在风险.

As a type of emerging pollutant,organophosphate esters(OPEs)have the characteristics of toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation.Due to their wide use in production and life,OPEs pose potential risks to ecosystems when they enter the environment.In this study,the concentrations of 14 species of OPEs in surface water were determined using UPLC-MS/MS,and the spatial distribution of the OPEs in the surface water of the estuary of the Yellow River basin was further analyzed.The pollution sources were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis,and the ecological risk was evaluated.The results indicated that the concentration of∑14OPEs in surface water ranged from 183.81 to 1674.52 ng·L^(-1),with an average concentration of 638.25 ng·L^(-1).Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)and tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl)phosphate(TCPP)were the main OPEs.The Xiaoqing River flowing through the urban area differed from the main stream of the Yellow River and other branches in terms of OPEs composition characteristics,which showed a greater impact from human activities.The distribution of∑14OPEs showed an obvious regional pattern,with a trend of increasing and then decreasing along the direction of the Yellow River inlet.The results of source analysis revealed that human activities such as industrial wastewater discharge from different industries,transportation,and atmospheric deposition were the sources of OPEs in surface water.The ecological risk assessment results indicated that TCEP posed a high risk to aquatic organisms in the main stream of the Yellow River,Xiaoqing River,and Zhimai River,and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TnBP)and triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)posed a low risk at some sites.