网络黑恶势力犯罪的生成及其认定

The Formation and Identification of the Crimes of Cyber Mafia

网络黑恶势力犯罪是网络犯罪与黑恶势力犯罪日益交融的结果。在司法机关的高压打击和网络便捷等因素影响下,信息网络的工具属性日渐被黑恶势力组织利用。伴随着Web3.0时代的到来,借助网络空间作为犯罪“场所”的新型黑恶势力犯罪悄然而生。网络黑恶势力犯罪具有“进化”的特点和“异化”的表现。“进化”主要体现在两个方面:一是黑恶势力犯罪的组织特征进一步弱化,二是黑恶势力犯罪的行为特征出现软化;“异化”主要表现在三个方面:一是黑恶势力犯罪的组织形态“无形化”,二是黑恶势力犯罪活动的“产业链化”和“节点化”,三是黑恶势力犯罪活动实施空间的“虚拟化”。当前对网络黑恶势力犯罪的认定仍套用传统黑恶势力犯罪的认定标准,在组织特征、行为特征、危害性特征等认定方面存在诸多问题,致使司法机关无法精准应对网络黑恶势力犯罪所带来的冲击和挑战。为此,有必要立足于网络黑恶势力犯罪的新特点和新变化,确立“形式+实质”的认定标准。

The crimes of cyber mafia are the result of the increasingly blending of cyber crimes and mafia crimes. Under the influence of the high-handed crackdown by the judiciary and the convenience of the internet, the tool attribute of the information network is gradually being used by the mafia organizations. Along with the advent of the Web3.0 era, a new type of mafia crimes has emerged quietly with the help of cyberspace as the “place” of crime. The crime of the cyber mafia has the characteristic of “evolution” and the performance of “alienation”. “Evolution” is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the organizational characteristics of the crimes committed by mafia are further weakened;second, the behavioral characteristics of the crimes committed by mafia are softened. “Alienation” is mainly manifested in three aspects: the first is the “invisibility” of the organizational form of the criminal activities of mafia, the second is the “industrial chain” and “node” of the criminal activities of mafia, and the third is the “virtualization” of the implementation space of the criminal activities of mafia. At present, the identification of the crimes committed by the cyber mafia is still applied to the traditional identification criteria of the crimes committed by the cyber mafia. There are many problems in the identification of organizational characteristics, behavioral characteristics, harmful characteristics and other aspects, which make the judicial organs unable to accurately respond to the impact and challenges brought by the cyber mafia crimes. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the identification standard of “form+substance” based on the new characteristics and changes of the crimes committed by the cyber mafia.