论北宋科举与文艺的发展

Study on Imperial Examination and Literature in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋文化的繁荣与科举密切相关,科举出身的士人博学多识,“文”是他们跻身仕途的基本工具,这导致文艺的兴盛。科举考试的内容主要是儒家思想,士人因此具有强烈的济世热情,文艺表现出浓厚的道德色彩。相同的身份使士人在教化、共通感、判断力和趣味上表现出一致性,凭借雄厚的文艺才能,他们在诸多方面均创造出影响深远的审美范式。改革是庆历以后北宋政治的主题,为了推行政治改革,不断强化君主集权,科举考试开始走向专制,这导致北宋文艺的枯萎。

The cultural prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty was closely related to the imperial examination. The scholars from the imperial examination were knowledgeable, and “culture” was the basic tool for them to enter the official career, which resulted in the prosperity of literature and art.The main content of the imperial examination was Confucianism, so the scholars had a strong passion to help the world, and literature and art showed a strong moral color.The same identity made the intellectuals show consistency in education, common sense, judgment and taste, and they created far-reaching aesthetic paradigms in many aspects by virtue of their strong literary and artistic talent. Reform was the political theme of the Northern Song Dynasty after Qingli. In order to carry out the political reform and strengthen the power of the rulers, imperial examination turned to autocracy, which led to the wither of literature and art in the Northern Song Dynasty.