优秀短跑运动员腰臀发力技术与下腰痛发生率相关性研究

Study on the Correlation Between Lumbar and Hip Exertion Technique and Incidence of Low Back Pain of Elite Sprinters

目的:该文旨在运用等速肌力测试系统,对短跑运动员双下肢肌肉功能进行评估,探寻下腰痛(Low back pain)与下肢运动功能的联系,并根据表面肌电的结果进一步探究下腰痛与腰臀发力技术的相关性。方法:选取15名田径队平均年龄为(16.40±1.24)岁的青少年短跑二级及以上运动员,其中下腰痛病史运动员6名,将其余无病史运动员编入对照组,并对所有运动员进行300?/s的髋关节向心屈伸等速肌力测试,采集峰值力矩(PT)、平均功率(AP),以及5个连续下蹲跳运动过程中腰臀部的表面肌电测试,选取反映肌纤维募集数量的积分肌电值(IEMG)作为测试指标。结果:等速肌力测试结果表明,下腰痛组运动员伸髋时PT、AP(EPT、EAP)的组间t检验结果为P<0.001,双下肢具有极显著性差异,而对照组无明显差异。表面肌电测试结果表明,下腰痛组运动员在连续完成5个下蹲跳时腰部IEMG值组间t检验结果为P<0.001,极显著高于对照组腰部IEMG。结论:患有下腰痛的短跑运动员更容易使用腰部肌肉发力,同时存在明显的双下肢伸肌肌肉失衡的现象。

Objective:This article aims to evaluate the muscle function of the lower limbs of sprinters through an isokinetic muscle test system,explore the relationship between low back pain and the motor function of lower limbs,and further explore the correlation between low back pain and lumbar and hip power technique based on the results of surface electromyography.Methods:Fifteen adolescent sprinters who were at Level 2 and above with an average age of 16.40±1.24 from the track and field team were selected,six of whom had a history of low back pain,the rest of athletes without medical patients were put into the control group,all athletes were subjected to the 300?/s hip centripetal flexion and extension isokinetic muscle test,the peak torque(PT),averaged power(AP) and surface electromyography of lumbar and hip in the process of five continuous countermovement jumps,and the integral electromyogram(IEMG) reflecting the number of myofiber recruitment was selected as the test index.Results:Results of the isokinetic muscle test indicated that when the athletes in the lower back pain group stretched their hips,the ttest results between groups of PT and AP(EPT,EAP) were P<0.001,and there was a significant difference between the lower limbs,but there was no significant difference in the control group.The results of the surface electromyography test showed that when the athletes in the lower back pain group completed five consecutive squat jumps,the t-test result between groups of the waist IEMG value was P<0.001,which was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:Sprinters with low back pain were more likely use their lumbar muscles for power,and there was a significant imbalance of the extensor muscles of both lower limbs.