我国竞技体育后备人才培养的演进历程与展望

Evolution and Prospect of the Training of Reserve Talents for Competitive Sports in China

竞技体育后备人才培养的质量直接关系到我国竞技体育的持续发展和综合实力,影响体育强国的建设。该文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,回顾我国竞技体育后备人才培养的历史进程,总结各历史阶段的特点,并展望未来,提出可行的建议。研究表明,我国竞技体育后备人才培养可分为5个阶段:1949—1965年为初创期,特点是政府包办、效率为先;1966—1984年为巩固期,特点是思想、组织和训练的一体化;1985—1991年为调整期,特点是对实践中出现的问题进行调整,确立体教结合;1992—2007年为探索期,特点是向职业化、市场化、社会化方向改革;2008年至今为深化改革期,特点是多主体协同培养,培养制度选择空间增大。展望未来提出:完善具有中国特色的竞技体育后备人才培养的顶层设计;深化体教融合,加固学校体育基础;深化各类体育协会的实体化改革,加深组织间的合作;制定完善的竞技体育后备人才培养法律制度等建议。

The quality of the training of reserve talents for competitive sports is directly related to the sustainable development and comprehensive strength of competitive sports in China,and affects the construction of a sports power.Using the literature method,logical analysis method and other methods,this paper reviews the historical process of the training of reserve talents for competitive sports in China,summarizes the characteristics of each historical stage,and looks forward to the future and puts forward feasible suggestions.The study shows that the training of reserve talents for competitive sports in China can be divided into five stages:The period 1949-1965 was the initial period,characterized by government responsibility and efficiency first,the period 1966-1984 was a period of consolidation,characterized by the integration of ideas,organization and training,the period 1985-1991 was the adjustment period,characterized by the adjustment of problems that arose in practice and the establishment of the integration of sports and education,the period 1992-2007 was the exploration period,characterized by reforms in the direction of professionalism,marketization and socialization,and 2008 to the present is a period of deepening reform,characterized by multi-subject collaborative training and the increasing selection space for training system.Looking forward to the future,this paper proposes suggestions,such as improving the top-level design of the training of reserve talents for competitive sports with Chinese characteristics,deepening the integration of sports and education to strengthen the foundation of school sports,deepening the substantive reform of various sports associations to deepen cooperation between organizations,and formulating a sound legal system for the training of reserve talents for competitive sports.