农机购置补贴如何影响小农户农机社会化服务获得——基于全国农村固定观察点数据的分析

How Does Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies Affect the Acquisition of Mechanization Services for Smallholders:An Analysis Based on the Data of the National Fixed Observation Points of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China

基于全国农村固定观察点2009-2018年数据,本文实证分析了农机购置补贴对小农户农机社会化服务获得的影响。研究结果显示:农机购置补贴不仅显著提高了小农户的农机社会化服务可得性,还扩大了其社会化服务获得规模。机制分析发现,农机购置补贴改变了农户的流动性约束和要素的相对价格,促进了农机社会化服务市场的发育,继而影响了小农户的农机社会化服务获得。农机购置补贴效果还因农户所在区域的资源禀赋差异而有所不同,相比于其他地区,农机社会化服务市场容量较大地区、土地细碎化程度较轻地区和地形坡度较小地区的补贴效果更为显著。因此,应积极消除禀赋约束的不利影响,充分发挥农机购置补贴在小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接中的作用。

This article conducts an empirical analysis of the impacts of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on the acquisition of mechanization services for smallholders based on the data of the National Fixed Observation Points of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China from 2009 to 2018.The results show that,first of all,agricultural machinery purchase subsidies have significantly improved the availability of mechanization services for smallholders and expanded the scale of their access to socialized services.Secondly,mechanism analysis shows that agricultural machinery purchase subsidies have affected the acquisition of mechanization services for smallholders by changing their liquidity constraints and the relative price of production factors,which can promote the development of agricultural machinery services market.Thirdly,the effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies varies due to different endowment constraints.Compared with other regions,the subsidy effect is more significant in areas with larger market capacity of agricultural mechanization services,areas with less land fragmentation and areas with smaller terrain gradient.Therefore,it would be necessary to actively eliminate the adverse effects of endowment constraints and give full play to the role of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies in the organic connection between smallholders and modern agricultural development.