空间权制度在城市住房设施供应中的应用——以美国和日本为例

Application of Space Right System in Supply of Urban Housing Facilities——Taking the United States and Japan as Examples

为应对城市发展中的住房设施供应需求,无论是满足低收入家庭的保障性住房,或是通过增加城市核心区住房供给以缓解城市人口空洞化现象,美国和日本均应用空间权相关技术,提出包容性区划、高层住宅诱导地区区划、用途容积型地区计划等创新性的区划形式,利用市场机制,有效增加城市所需住房类型和数量的供给,缓解社会中的居住阶层隔离、人口流失状况。通过背景解析,分析比较3种空间权制度的运作机制和实践情况,指出存在的问题;在此基础上,结合我国实际,思考空间权制度对我国保障性住房的积极作用,期待未来能探索出适合我国国情的实施路径。

In order to satisfy the demand for housing facilities in the process of urban development, no matter for satisfying the affordable housing for low-income families, or for coping with urban population hollowing-out by means of increasing housing supply in central urban districts, both the United States and Japan have applied space right based technologies to put forward innovative zoning forms including inclusive zoning, high-rise housing inducing zoning, purpose-capacity area planning, etc. and utilize the market mechanism to effectively increase the supply of housing types and quantities required by the city as well as deal with the segregation of living classes and population loss. Through background analysis, the paper analyzed and compared the operation mechanism and practice of three space right systems, and existing problems are pointed out thereof. On such basis and integrating the practical conditions of China, the positive roles of the space right system in China’s affordable housing are pondered as well hoping that an approach for implementation that is suitable for the national conditions of China may be discovered in future.