集体化时期基层社会的粮食管理——以冀北一个村庄为个案

Grain Administration at the Grassroots Level during the Period of Collectivization——A Case Study of a Village in Northern Hebei

在“以粮为纲”年代,粮食管理可谓村庄管理的重中之重。国家粮政的各项规章制度,强力约束着生产大队粮食的收支流转;村庄在遵章管理的同时,也存在“小账粮”“户换粮”的不间断运作、“大队粮”的灵活调剂。这些构成了一个生产大队立体鲜活的粮食管理情境,体现了国家粮政末端的运行实况。通过梳理还原集体化时期一个村庄自上而下与自下而上的粮食管理脉络,可弥补现有基层粮政研究中的某些不足,还可对“工占农利”作出有别以往的计算和分析。

During the era of“taking grain as the guiding link,”grain management was one of the top priorities of village management.The national rules and regulations on grain administration forcefully restricted the production brigades’grain income and flow of expenditures,but the village made flexible adjustments in terms of“minor grain crops,”“household grain exchanges,”and“brigade grain”while also complying with the regulations and management and thus creating a detailed grain management system carried out by the production brigades and reflecting the operating reality of the national grain policy at the grassroots level.By reviewing the top-down and bottom-up grain management policies of a village during the period of collectivization,this article fills some gaps in studies of grain policy at the grassroots levels,and it constitutes a new computation and analysis of“industry taking advantage of agriculture.”