鄂尔多斯市黄河灌区盐碱型中低产田水肥高效精准利用技术集成模式——以向日葵种植为例

Technical Integration Model of Targeted Use of Water and Fertilizer in Saline-alkali Fields in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ordos City——A Case Study of Sunflower Planting

鄂尔多斯市黄河灌区农业水资源浪费严重。该区中低产田由于存在不同程度的盐碱化问题,人们每年不得不通过黄河水大水漫灌和凌水灌溉进行洗盐,以去除一部分盐碱从而使得土壤盐分降低到一定的范围来进行耕种,然而,黄河水中本身存在一定量的盐分,随着灌溉次数的增加,黄河水资源的浪费也越来越严重,耕地的盐碱化问题也越来越明显。在黄河灌区尤其是盐碱型中低产田进行水肥高效精准利用技术研究,是该区域的现实发展要求,也是黄河流域高质量发展的必然选择。该文依托“科技兴蒙”项目攻关研究,以种植向日葵为例,首先进行盐碱型中低产田耕地质量提升、向日葵需水需肥及生长规律分析,然后针对性进行灌溉制度及测土配方施肥设计,最后完成盐碱型中低产田水肥高效精准利用,形成该技术集成模式。

There is a serious waste of agricultural water resources in the Yellow River Irrigation District of Ordos City.Due to different degrees of salinization in the middle-and low-yield fields in this area,people have to wash salt through flood irrigation and cross irrigation of the Yellow River every year to remove part of the salinity so as to reduce the soil salinity to a certain range.However,there is a certain amount of salinity in the water of the Yellow River.With the increase of irrigation times,the waste of water resources in the Yellow River is becoming more and more serious.The problem of salinization of cultivated land is becoming more and more obvious.The research on the technology of efficient and accurate utilization of water and fertilizer in the Yellow River irrigation area,especially in saline-alkali medium-and low-yield fields,is not only the requirement of the realistic development of this region,but also the inevitable choice for the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.Relying on the key research of the project of"Revitalizing Mongolia through Science and Technology",and taking the planting of sunflower as an example,this paper first analyzes the improvement of cultivated land quality,water and fertilizer requirement and growth law of sunflower in saline-alkali type medium-and low-yield field,and then designs irrigation system and soil testing formula fertilization.Finally,the efficient and accurate utilization of water and fertilizer in saline-alkali medium-and low-yield field is completed,and the technology integration model is formed.