基于村民感知的广西沿海贫困渔村旅游扶贫效果研究

该文以“十三五”期间广西沿海41个贫困渔村的旅游扶贫为研究对象,利用问卷调查法,以村民感知为视角,从反映旅游扶贫效果的经济、社会文化和生态环境3个总体指标入手,构建旅游扶贫效果评价指标体系,研究渔民对旅游扶贫效果的感知及态度。研究发现,旅游业的扶贫是一把双刃剑,整体上为广西沿海贫困渔村经济、社会文化的发展带来良好的正面效应,同时也可以在一定程度上加大当地的生态环境压力和管理难度;旅游扶贫对不同渔村之间的经济和社会影响有较大的差异;性别、年龄、受教育程度、对旅游业的依赖程度及居民自身资本条件的优劣制约着居民的旅游参与能力和旅游获益能力;社会文化内涵挖掘得较好的渔村,旅游扶贫的社会文化效应较好,反之则较差;旅游业起步较早,发展相对成熟的村落,面临的生态环境问题尤为突出。针对存在的问题提出相应的对策、建议。

This paper takes the poverty alleviation by tourism in 41 poor fishing villages along the coast of Guangxi during the13th Five-year Plan period as the research object,using the method of questionnaire and from the perspective of villagers’perception,starting with three overall indicators reflecting the effects of poverty alleviation by tourism,namely,economy,social culture and ecological environment.The evaluation index system of tourism poverty alleviation effect was constructed,and the fishermen’s perception and attitude towards tourism poverty alleviation effects were studied.It is found that the poverty alleviation of tourism is a double-edged sword,which not only brings a good positive effect on the economic,social and cultural development of poor coastal fishing villages in Guangxi,but also increases the local eco-environmental pressure and management difficulty to a certain extent.There are great differences in the economic and social impact of poverty alleviation by tourism on different fishing villages.Gender,age,education,dependence on tourism and residents’own capital conditions restrict residents’ability to participate in and benefit from tourism;fishing villages with better social and cultural connotations,the social and cultural effects of poverty alleviation by tourism are better,while on the contrary,the social and cultural effects of poverty alleviation by tourism are worse;the eco-environmental problems faced by the villages with early start and relatively mature development are particularly prominent.The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the existing problems.