社会基本医疗保险对农民工就业流动的影响研究——基于居民医保和职工医保比较的视角

Research on the influence of social basic medical insurance on migrant workers’employment flow-Based on the perspective of comparison between resident medical insurance and employee medical insurance

农民工的就业流动是缩小城乡差距、实现共同富裕的重要途径。基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,研究社会基本医疗保险对农民工就业流动的影响。研究发现:与职工医保相比,居民医保减少了农民工的流动时间;居民医保促进了流动3次以上的概率;与居民医保相比,职工医保促进了农民工的跨市、跨县流动。异质性结果表明,居民医保弱化了老一代农民工跨市和跨县流动,而职工医保促进了新一代农民工的跨市流动;在户籍地参加居民医保或职工医保都会对农民工就业流动产生“回拉”效果。因此,为了促进农民工就业流动以及削弱流动过程中社会基本医疗保险的牵制作用,应创造条件鼓励更多的农民工参加职工医保;提高医疗保险的统筹层次,减少医疗保险的转移接续障碍。

The employment flow of migrant workers is an important way to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and achieve common prosperity.Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of the national floating population in 2017,the impact of social basic medical insurance on the employment flow of migrant workers was studied.The study found that compared with the medical insurance for employees,the resident medical insurance reduced the migrant workers’flow time;Residents’medical insurance promotes the probability of more than three times of mobility;Compared with the resident medical insurance,the employee medical insurance promotes the cross-city and cross-county flow of migrant workers.The heterogeneity results show that the resident medical insurance weakens the cross-city and cross-county flow of the old generation of migrant workers,while the employee medical insurance promotes the cross-city flow of the new generation of migrant workers;Participating in residents’medical insurance or workers’medical insurance in registered residence will have a“pull back”effect on migrant workers’employment mobility.Therefore,in order to promote the employment flow of migrant workers and weaken the restraining role of social basic medical insurance in the process of migration,we should create conditions to encourage more migrant workers to participate in employee medical insurance;Improve the overall level of medical insurance and reduce the transfer and continuity barriers of medical insurance.