海归与高新技术企业国际化行为--基于中关村高新技术企业的实证分析

Returnees and the Internationalization of High-Tech Firms--Empirical Analysis of High-Tech Firms in Zhongguancun Science Park

本文基于中关村海淀园高新技术企业的全面调查数据,运用面板双变量Probit模型与混合Logit模型实证研究海归人数与高新技术企业国际化行为的关系。结果表明:①长期看,海归人数对企业出口和对外直接投资两种国际化行为均呈现正向促进作用;②短期内,受内外部因素影响,企业增加的海归人数正向促进了国际化行为;③两类不同企业的国际化行为决策方式略有差异,以对外直接投资为导向的企业更加灵活,以出口为导向的企业受更多方面因素影响。本文还讨论了内生性问题,并做了稳健性检验。创新点主要有:①综合考虑人财物国际化三方面,搭建统一框架进行机理和量化分析,选取面板双变量Probit模型以考察出口行为和对外直接投资行为的相关性;②进一步分解海归人数对高新技术企业国际化影响的因素,用混合Logit模型验证了长期因素、短期内外部因素的存在性与合理性;③基于中关村海淀园高新技术企业的面板微观数据具有优势。本文对企业国际化管理与国家政策制定提出相应建议,国际化竞争归根结底是国际化人才这种高端生产要素的竞争,在对外开放和国际竞争日趋激烈的背景下,吸引海归人才以助力高新技术企业国际化既有必要性,也有合理性。

This study investigates the relationship between returnees and the internationalization behavior of high-tech firms,based on the general survey data of high-tech firms in Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park.The panel bivariate Probit model and mixed Logit model are used in the empirical study.Results show that returnees play a positive role in promoting the internationalization of firms both in exporting and outward foreign direct investment in the long run.Moreover,the increment of returnees positively promotes internationalization behavior and plays a greater role in foreign direct investment firms.Furthermore,the internationalization behavior of the two different types of firms are different.The firms oriented by foreign direct investment are more flexible,and the export-oriented firms are affected by more factors.We also discuss the endogenous problem and make a robust test.The main innovation points are as follows.Firstly,this study considers three aspects of internationalization,sets up a unified framework for mechanism and quantitative analysis and selects the panel bivariate Probit model to identify the correlation between exporting behavior and outward foreign direct investment behavior.Secondly,this study further decomposes the influence of returnees on the internationalization of high-tech firms,and verifies the existence and rationality of long-term factors,external factors and internal factors with mixed Logit model.Thirdly,the general survey data of high-tech firms in Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park possesses superiority.This study puts forward corresponding suggestions on international management and policy formulation.International talents as high-end production factors is the root of international competition.Under the background of opening to the outside world and increasingly fierce international competition,it is necessary and reasonable to attract returnees to help high-tech firms internationalize.