美国知识产权国防使用规则考察与镜鉴

Investigation and Enlightenment on the National Defense Use Rules of Intellectual Property in the United States

作为世界头号军事强国,美国经历近百年探索建立了知识产权国防使用规则,用于平衡国防利益和私人利益,取得了显著成效。本文对美国国防采办中的知识产权国防使用规则进行考察,采用内容分析和文献研究等方法,在对美国知识产权国防使用规则演进与改革的历史考察基础上,分析美国知识产权国防使用规则的内容和效用,并提出对于中国的现实镜鉴。美国知识产权国防使用规则排除了专利权在国防采办中的干扰,实现了国防利益和私人利益的钟摆平衡,维护了国防利益优先地位。当前中国知识产权国防使用规则尚且缺失,可参考美国的有益经验,并结合中国实际,建立中国特色知识产权国防使用规则,推动国防和军队现代化建设。

As the world s leading military power,the United States,after nearly a century of exploration,has established rules for the use of intellectual property rights in national defense to balance national defense interests and private interests,and achieved remarkable results.This paper investigates the rules of national defense use of intellectual property in American national defense acquisition.Using the methods of content analysis and literature research,this paper analyzes the content and effectiveness of the national defense use rules of intellectual property in the United States on the basis of the historical investigation of the evolution and reform of the national defense use rules of intellectual property in the United States,in this way,the author also puts forward some practical lessons for China.The U.S.rules on the use of intellectual property for national defense exclude the interference of patent rights in the acquisition of national defense,which promotes the pendulum balance between national defense interests and private interests,as well as maintains the priority of national defense interests.At present,there is still a lack of rules for the use of intellectual property in national defense in China.We can establish rules for the use of intellectual property in national defense with Chinese characteristics by referring the useful experience of the United States and combining the actual situation in China,so as to promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces.