催化发夹自组装技术用于miRNA检测的研究进展

Research Progress of Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Technique for miRNA Detection

微RNA (microRNA, miRNA)是一类小分子RNA,参与了众多的细胞过程,在生命体的生长发育过程中起到了关键作用。鉴于miRNA的重要性和结构特殊性,其对于疾病的预测与评估有着深刻的意义。当前,miRNA检测技术迅猛发展,其中,催化发夹自组装(catalytic hairpin assembly, CHA)是一项新型核酸恒温扩增技术,具有反应过程无需酶催化、检测灵敏度高特异性强、操作简单方便等优点,在miRNA的检测领域有着巨大潜力。本文将着重阐述CHA技术的检测原理,从靶标识别、信号扩增、信号输出3个方面对基于CHA技术的miRNA检测策略进行介绍,并提出该技术当前面临的挑战及前景,旨在为医学、生物信息等相关领域的研究提供进一步参考。

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that are involved in numerous cellular processes and play a key role in the growth and development of living organisms. Given the importance and structural specificity of miRNAs, they have profound implications for the prediction and assessment of diseases. In the rapid development of miRNA detection methods, catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA) is a novel thermostatic nucleic acid amplification technology, with high sensitivity, high specificity, simple and convenient operation, and no enzyme catalysis in the reaction process. Therefore, it has great potential in miRNA detection. Herein, the principle of CHA technology, and the CHA-based miRNA detection strategy in target identification, signal amplification and signal output were introduced, and the current challenges and prospects of this technology were also discussed, aiming to provide some ideas and reference for related research.