云岭山脉云南地区两栖爬行类动物多样性

Diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Yunnan region of the Yunling Mountains

云岭位于云南省西北部、西藏自治区东南部及四川省西南部,是横断山系的重要山脉,同时也是澜沧江和金沙江的分水岭。为了掌握云岭山脉云南地区的生物多样性状况与威胁因素,促进区域的生物多样性保护和监管,本文开展了云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物多样性调查与评估。2019年和2020年采用以样线法为主、访问为辅的野外调查,共计布设样线239条,共记录两栖类37种,隶属2目10科22属;爬行类44种,隶属2目10科25属。多样性分析结果显示:云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物种类相较西双版纳等热点地区的更少,且爬行动物较两栖动物更为丰富,造成这种现象可能的原因是海拔限制或调查错过繁殖期。在2,200-2,300 m的海拔段能够记录到更多数量的两栖爬行物种,因此中高海拔具有更为丰富的两栖爬行动物多样性。在云岭山脉云南地区的非保护区区域,栖息地破坏和人为干扰是威胁两栖爬行动物生存和繁殖的主要因素。此外,调查还发现了外来物种,需进一步进行外来种的监测,及时控制种群数量,避免大规模的生态入侵。本研究摸清了云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物多样性本底,查明了调查区域内生物多样性保护中存在的问题和胁迫因素,为该区域内生物多样性保护提供了基础数据。

Aims:The Yunling Mountains are located in the northwest region of Yunnan Province,southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region and southwest of Sichuan Province.It’s an important mountain range in the Hengduan Mountains and it is also in the watershed of the Lancang River and Jinsha River.To better understand the amphibian and reptile biodiversity,potential threats,and promote regional protection,we conducted an assessment of amphibian and reptile diversity in Yunnan region of the Yunling Mountains.Methods:In 2019 and 2020,amphibians and reptiles were sampled along 239 line-transects and supplemented by other field meander surveys.Results:In total,37 species of amphibians,belonging to 22 genera,10 families,2 orders,were observed,along with 44species of reptiles,belonging to 25 genera,10 families and 2 orders.The results of the diversity analysis showed that the number of species of amphibians and reptiles in Yunnan region of the Yunling Mountains were less than those in hot spots such as Xishuangbanna.In addition,reptiles were more abundant than amphibians,which may be due to elevation restrictions or missing the breeding period.More amphibian and reptile species were recorded at elevation of2,200-2,300 m,suggesting more diversity of amphibians and reptiles at medium and high elevations.Habitat destruction and human disturbance were the main factors threatening the survival and reproduction of amphibians and reptiles in the non-protected areas of the Yunling Mountains.In addition,the non-native amphibian and reptile species need to be further monitored in order to develop invasion control measures.Conclusion:This study has documented the number of species of amphibians and reptiles in the Yunnan region of the Yunling Mountains identified population threats,and provided basic data for the protection of amphibian and reptile diversity in the area.