五四时期少年中国学会的社会改造理念探析

On the Ideas of Social Reform of the Youth China Society in the Period of May 4th

经过新文化运动的冲击与洗礼,迫切探求民族复兴之路的五四知识青年基于不同的政治认识,在吸收西方各类政治学说的基础上提出诸多救国理念。少年中国学会作为五四时期极具影响力的青年社团,其成员皆为接受新知的新一代知识青年,并且具有强烈的爱国主义精神。由于对当时中国的黑暗政治感到不满与失望,他们在新文化领袖人物陈独秀、李大钊等人“不谈政治”的提倡与无政府主义(互助论)、新村主义等西方政治学说的影响下,试图通过普及平民教育、提倡工读互助、促进妇女解放、开展社会调查等途径,来推行社会改造,创造“少年中国”。实践证明,这种单纯的社会改造的方式无法解决近代中国问题,革命才是历史的必然选择。

Under the influence of the New Culture Movement,the young intellectuals in the May 4th Movement,who were eager to explore the road of national rejuvenation,put forward many ideas of saving the country based on different political understandings and various western political theories.As an influential youth association during the May 4th Movement,the members of the Youth China Society are a new generation of young intellectuals who accept new knowledge and have strong patriotism.They were dissatisfied with the dark side of politics in China at that time and influenced by the idea of"not talking about politics"advocated by the new cultural leaders Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao,anarchism(mutualism),new village doctrine and other western political theories.They tried to promote social transformation and create a"Youth China"by popularizing education for masses,advocating part time job for study,promoting women's liberation,and conducting social surveys.It has been found that this simple way of social transformation cannot solve the problems of modern China,and that revolution is the inevitable choice of history.