零口供案件的定罪实证研究——基于432份裁判文书的分析

An Empirical Study on Judgement of No Confession Cases—Based on the Analysis of 432 Judicial Judgments

对432起样本案件进行研究发现,零口供案件分布具有一定的地域特征,定罪结果与审判层级呈正相关,重点、难点突出。在证明标准上,应坚持特定犯罪事实的“高度盖然性”,严格证据的合法性审查,摆脱“真实故合法”的逻辑桎梏,确保证据之间相互印证,排除合理怀疑,符合逻辑规则和经验法则。在审查判断路径方面,要审查证据之间的相互印证,提防高度一致的言词证据;借势科学信息技术,利用技术手段打破孤证壁垒;适度司法推定,消弭部分证据湮灭之殇;转变司法观念,突破品格证据和类似行为不予采信的窠臼。

The study of 432 sample cases shows that the distribution of no confession cases has certain regional characteristics,the conviction result is positively correlated with the court level,and the key and difficult points are prominent.In terms of the standard of proof,it is necessary to adhere to the“high probability”of specific crime facts,examine the legality of evidence strictly,get rid of the logical shackles of“truth is legitimate”,ensure the corroboration of evidences,eliminate reasonable doubt,and conform to the rules of logic and the rules of thumb.In reviewing the judgment path,we should examine the mutual corroboration of evidences when encountering highly consistent verbal evidence,break the barrier of uncorroborated evidence by taking advantage of information science and technology,apply judicial presumption cautiously to avoid ignoring some evidence,change the judicial concept to overcome the inadmissibility of character evidence and similar behaviors.