公益行为的社会心理学意义:概念与分类

Social Psychological Significance of Public Welfare Behavior:Concept and Classification

公益行为是个人或群体以公共利益为目标,基于一定的社会责任,面向需要对象或社会共同问题而自愿进行的有计划、有组织的利他行为,具有自觉自愿性、无偿利公性和组织社会性三大特征。公益行为与慈善行为、利他行为、亲社会行为和道德行为等概念既有区别也有联系;公益行为的分类有很多划分标准,从公益行为本身的内在结构出发,提出了公益行为的四个维度:道德性、报偿性、情境性和盲目性。

Public welfare behavior is a planned and organized altruistic behavior voluntarily carried out by individuals or groups with the public interest as the goal, based on certain social responsibilities and facing the needs or common social problems. It has three major characteristics: voluntary, free, and organizational sociality. There are differences and connections between public welfare behavior and charitable behavior, altruistic behavior, prosocial behavior, moral behavior and other concepts. There are many criteria for the classification of public welfare behavior. Starting from the internal structure of public welfare behavior itself, the paper puts forward four dimensions of public welfare behavior, namely, morality, compensation, context and blindness.