大学毕业生就业质量影响因素及其发生机制——来自全国827所本科院校的经验证据

Factors Influencing Employment Quality of College Graduates and Its Occurrence Mechanism——Evidence From 827 Universities in China

大学生就业质量是高等教育质量的重要表征,引入I—E—O模型,运用分层线性模型对全国827所本科院校就业质量差异影响因素开展实证研究,揭示院校特征和省域特征对毕业生就业质量影响因素与发生机制。结果表明:一方面,大学生就业质量受院校特征和省域特征两个主效应及跨院校-省域特征间交互作用的共同影响。生师比、城镇登记失业率、毕业生人数对就业质量具有负向影响,人均GDP、城镇人均可支配收入对就业质量具有正向影响。另一方面,院校特征对大学生就业质量的影响作用受省域特征的约束与调整。人均GDP和城镇居民可支配收入同时调节学校规模和生师比对就业质量的影响作用;毕业生人数仅调节学校规模对就业质量的影响作用;而城镇登记失业率仅调节生师比对就业质量的影响作用。为提高毕业生就业质量,应稳定高校办学规模,促进高等教育内涵式发展;深化供给侧改革,缓解毕业生就业供需矛盾;关注院校内部差异,发挥省域特征的调节效应。

The employment quality of college graduates is an important representation of the quality of higher education. By introducing the I-E-O Model and using the Hierarchical Linear Model, this paper makes an empirical study on the influencing factors of the difference in employment quality of 827 colleges and universities in China. It reveals the influencing factors and occurrence mechanism of academic characteristics and provincial characteristics on the employment quality of graduates. The results show that: On one hand, The employment quality of college graduates is complexly affected by academic characteristics and provincial characteristics and the interactions from over-academy and over-province. The student-faculty ratio, the registered urban unemployment rate and the number of graduates have a negative impact on the employment quality. However, the per capita GDP and the per capita disposable income of urban residents have a positive impact on the employment quality. On the other hand, the effect of college characteristics on the employment quality of college graduates is constrained and adjusted by provincial characteristics. The per capita GDP and the per capita disposable income of urban residents simultaneously regulate the impact of school size and student-faculty ratio on the employment quality. The number of graduates only regulates the impact of school size on employment quality. The registered urban unemployment rate only regulates the impact of student-faculty ratio on employment quality. In order to improve the employment quality of college graduates, we should stabilize the scale of colleges and universities and promote the connotative development of higher education. We must deepen supply-side structural reform and alleviate supply-demand contradiction. We need to pay attention to the internal differences of colleges and make the regulatory effect of provincial characteristics exploited.