嵌入性劳动管理:农业中的雇工监督机制

Embedded Labor Management:A Study on the Supervision Mechanism of Agricultural Employment

农业中的劳动监督问题一向被认为是资本进入农业领域的难题之一。不同类型的规模经营主体在雇工行为上有相似之处,即在生产基地建立之初以大浪淘沙的方式挑选出少数工作效率最高的工人作为长期雇工;在农忙季节,雇主会雇用短期的季节工作为补充。内生型规模经营主体利用自身的社会关系资源,以“工资+人情”的方式对工人进行柔性监督,并通过发掘“领队”的方式对工人“分而治之”,以减少监督成本。缺乏在地社会资源的外生型经营主体则通过再嵌入村庄社会的方式来复制上述机制:一方面,他们与雇工建立人情往来,将自己融入本地社会关系网中,实现策略性的“本地化”;另一方面,他们寻找本地“代理人”来化解劳动雇佣和劳动监督难题。

Labor supervision in agriculture has always been regarded as one of the difficult problems for capital to enter the field of agriculture.Different types of scale operators have similarities in employment behavior,that is,at the beginning of establishing production base,a small number of workers with the highest efficiency are selected as long-term employees;in the busy season,the employers will hire short-term seasonal workers as a supplement.The endogenous scale operators make use of their social resources to carry out flexible supervision over the workers in the way of"wages plus favor",and to"divide and rule"the workers by exploring the"team leader",so as to reduce the supervision cost.Exogenous operators who lack local social resources replicate the above mechanism by re-embedding the village society:on the one hand,they establish human contacts with employees and integrate themselves into the local social network to achieve strategic"localization";on the other hand,they look for local"agents"to solve the problems of labor employment and labor supervision.