公正的网络道德审判是否可能?——基于旁观者视角

Is It Possible to Have a Fair Network Moral Trial?—From the Perspective of a Spectator

网络道德审判是对传统道德审判的继承与发展,存在着显著的伦理困境:它理应通过激发正向羞耻感来促进对行为者的伦理教化,但在诸多情况中却因引发负向羞耻感而产生对行为者的伦理排斥。网络道德审判作为一种典型的道德评价形态,可以利用情感主义伦理学中的旁观者视角来加以考察。据此可发现,网络旁观者的同情、想象、事实判断能力存在着诸多困境,同时其群体性特征又进一步加剧了潜在的风险。实现公正的网络道德审判,需要汲取和借鉴“公正的旁观者”的多重意蕴来构建可能的伦理进路。

As the inheritance and development of the traditional moral trial,network moral trial faces a significant ethical dilemma.Reasonably,it should promote the ethical education of the actors by stimulating the positive sense of shame;however,in many cases,it leads to the ethical exclusion of actors because of the negative sense of shame.As a typical form of moral evaluation,network moral trial can be examined from the perspective of a spectator in emotionalist ethics,from which it can be found that there are many difficulties in the ability of sympathy,imagination and factual judgment of network spectators.At the same time,its group characteristics further aggravate the potential risks.In order to realize the fair network moral trial,we need to absorb and draw lessons from the multiple meanings of"just spectator"to construct the possible ethical approach.