论中国公共文化管理体系向治理体系的转型

On the Transition from Management System to Governance System of Public Culture in China

本文通过对我国公共文化管理体系的细致梳理,认为目前文化管理体系不同程度存在着政府单向度文化管理理念尚未完全消除,政府外公共文化主体参与度不够,公共文化主体间合作治理的体制机制有待建全,公共文化主体间合作治理体制机制运行效率有待提高,公共文化领域财政投入相对不足且效益有待提升,公共文化服务资源的区域、城乡、人群分配不均衡,公共文化供给与需求契合度不高七个方面的问题。导致上述问题的主要原因有:传统观念中上下等级意识浓厚、平等合作意识相对淡薄;政府职能存在缺位、越位和错位问题;财政投入不足和税收优惠不够;城乡二元社会结构带来的不均衡;社会文化中主体意识、平等意识、参与意识不足。由此,提出应从达成公共文化治理理念的广泛社会共识、强化多元主体深度合作的公共文化治理基础、改革并创新公共文化治理体制、改革和完善公共文化治理机制等方面入手,全面实现我国公共文化管理体系向治理体系转型。

Through a detailed analysis of China’s public cultural management system, this paper believes that the main problems in China’s cultural management system are that the government’s oneway cultural management concept has not been completely eliminated, the participation of public cultural entities outside the government is not enough, the institutional mechanism of cooperative governance between public cultural entities is lacking, the operational efficiency of the institutional mechanism of cooperative governance between public cultural entities is not high, the financial investment in the field of public culture is low and the efficiency is low. There are seven problems: the imbalance in the distribution of public cultural service resources, and the low degree of conformity between public cultural supply and demand, etc. The main reasons for the above problems are: strong sense of hierarchy and weak sense of equality and cooperation in traditional concepts;the absence, offside and dislocation of government functions;insuff icient financial input and tax incentives;the inequality brought by the dual social structure of urban and rural areas;the consciousness of subject, equality and participation in social culture is insufficient. Therefore, it is proposed that the transformation of China’s public culture management system into a governance system should be comprehensively realized from the following aspects: reaching a broad social consensus on the concept of public culture governance, strengthening the basis of public culture governance with deep cooperation of multiple subjects, reforming and innovating the public culture governance system, reforming and improving the public culture governance mechanism.