我国牛重要传染病流行现状和防控建议

Epidemiological status,prevention and control suggestion of important bovine infectious diseases in China

养牛业是我国畜牧业的重要组成部分和农业农村发展的支柱产业。然而,牛重要传染病的流行严重制约着我国牛业的健康、可持续发展和公共卫生安全,随着国内外贸易的不断拓展,其影响呈上升趋势。本文从重要传染病、新发传染病和再现传染病三方面,综述了我国牛重要传染病的流行和防控现状、面临的挑战,认为牛重要传染病的流行与复杂多变的自然、社会和经济因素有关,具体表现为家底不清,新发病不断出现,一些曾控制病种有再度发生的倾向,常发病多病原混合感染,诊断和治疗困难等。最后,基于当前防控牛重要传染病仍面临的诸多内部和外部挑战提出了防控建议,以期为我国牛重要传染病的有效防控提供参考。

Cattle industry is an important part of animal husbandry and a pillar industry for agriculture and rural development in China.However,the prevalence of important infectious diseases in cattle seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of cattle industry and public health security.With the con⁃tinuous expansion of domestic and foreign trade related to cattle,its impact is on the rise.In this paper,the epidemic characterization,control status and challenges of important bovine diseases in China were re⁃viewed from three aspects,including important infectious diseases,emerging infectious diseases and reemerging infectious diseases.It is considered that the prevalence of important infectious diseases in cattle is associated with complex and changing natural,social,and economic factors,which is characterized by fol⁃lowing aspects:unclear epidemiological background,the continuous emergence of new diseases,the reemergence of some controlled diseases,the frequent co-infection with multiple pathogens,diagnosis,and treatment difficulties etc.Finally,based on the current internal and external challenges for the effective pre⁃vention and control of important bovine infectious diseases,the prevention and control suggestions were put forward,in order to provide reference for the effective prevention and control of important bovine infectious diseases in China.