氮肥运筹对机直播水稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响

Effects of nitrogen management on yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of rice with machine direct seeding

为研究不同的氮肥运筹处理对机直播水稻的产量、稻米品质以及氮肥利用率的影响,在机械直播条件下,以南粳9108和黄华占为材料,在大田总氮量210 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,设置3种不同的氮肥运筹,基肥∶分蘖肥∶幼穗分化肥分别为N1(5∶2∶3)、N2(3∶4∶3)、N3(无∶6∶4),并以不施氮肥(N0)作为对照。结果显示,南粳9108和黄华占都在基肥∶分蘖肥∶幼穗分化肥为3∶4∶3时产量最高,分别为9 691.2、11 596.1 kg/hm^(2),与其他处理差异显著;稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率在处理间差异不显著,但直链淀粉、蛋白质含量随着穗肥比例的增加而升高,表现为N3>N2>N1,垩白率、垩白度随穗肥比例的增加而降低,表现为N1>N2>N3。水稻各个生育时期在3∶4∶3的处理下,氮素吸收显著高于其他处理并且氮素农学利用率、氮肥利用率表现为N2>N3>N1。研究结果表明,在施氮量相同的情况下,氮肥运筹N2(3∶4∶3)可显著提高水稻产量和氮素利用率,而N3(无∶6∶4)处理显著提高稻米营养品质和外观品质。

Nanjing 9108 and Huanghuazhan were used as materials under machine direct seeding.Un⁃der total nitrogen 210 kg/hm^(2) in the field,three different nitrogen fertilizer treatments including N1(base fertilizer 5∶tiller fertilizer 2∶young spike fertilizer 3),N2(3∶4∶3)and N3(none∶6∶4)were set up,and no nitrogen fertilizer(N0)was used as the control to study the effects of different nitrogen management on the yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of rice with machine direct seeding.The results showed that the yield of the two rice varieties was the highest when the fertilization ratio was 3∶4∶3.The average yield of Nanjing 9108 and Huanghuazhan was as high as 9691.2 kg/hm^(2) and 11596.1 kg/hm^(2),sig⁃nificantly different from that of other treatments.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate of rice were not significantly different among treatments,but the content of amylose and protein increased with the increase of panicle fertilizer ratio in the decreasing order of N3>N2>N1.The chalkiness rate and chalkiness decreased with the increase of panicle fertilizer ratio in the decreasing order of N1>N2>N3.The rice quality of N3(none∶6∶4)was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The nitro⁃gen absorption of rice at stage of each growth under the treatment of 3∶4∶3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were N2>N3>N1,reaching a significant level.It is indicated that,N2(3∶4∶3)significantly affect the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under the same nitrogen application rate,and N3(none∶6∶4)significantly affect the rice quality.