基于超声红外热波技术的再制造零件裂纹检测研究现状

Research Status of Ultrasonic Infrared Thermal Wave Technology in Crack Detection for Remanufactured Parts

再制造是制造的延续,再制造零件由涂覆层和已经服役过的基体组成,异质材料体系的添加以及二次服役使得再制造零件的安全面临巨大的挑战,辨识及表征再制造零件缺陷是再制造零件服役安全评价的重要难题。超声红外热波检测技术利用超声激励产生能量转化和热传导原理,通过采集材料表面和近表面的红外热图对缺陷结构进行反演表征,是热学无损检测技术中非常重要的研究方向。然而,由于涂层的存在,将红外热波技术用于再制造零件裂纹的评价表征也面临着新的理论难题。基于此,本文系统分析了再制造零件的特点,总结了超声红外热波的检测机理,详细综述了低频超声振动能量与裂纹缺陷耦合生热机制研究现状,其中,摩擦生热机制得到了较多的理论支持和试验验证。同时,概述了内部热异常信号向表面瞬态传导的规律。通过对多种超声红外热波的辨识理论的应用,可实现表面异常热波的辨识及准确表征的协同提升。最后,对表面裂纹、界面裂纹及基体裂纹检测的研究现状进行概述,并总结了超声红外热波技术在再制造零件缺陷检测方面的应用和亟待解决的问题。

Remanufacturing is a continuation of manufacturing,and the remanufacturing part consists of a coated layer and a substrate that has already been served.The addition of heterogeneous materials and secondary servicing makes maintaining the safety of remanufactured parts a considerable challenge.Identifying and characterizing defects in remanufactured parts is thus an essential consideration for the safety evaluation of remanufactured parts.Ultrasonic infrared thermal wave technology uses ultrasonic excitation for energy conversion and heat conduction.The latter function uses infrared heat maps on the surface and near-surface of the material to inversely characterize the structure of defects,and is a very important research direction in thermal nondestructive testing(NDT)technology.However,the existence of coating layers from remanufacturing poses some theoretical problems to using infrared thermal wave technology for the evaluation and characterization of cracks in remanufactured parts.Therefore,in this paper,we systematically review the characteristics of remanufactured parts and the associated detection mechanisms that use ultrasonic infrared thermal waves.The current status of research on the coupling heat generation mechanisms of low-frequency ultrasonic vibration energy and crack defects have been reviewed in detail.Among the different mechanisms studied,the friction heat generation mechanism has received more theoretical support and experimental verification.To a lesser extent,this review considers the law of transient conduction of abnormal internal thermal signals to the surface.By applying various ultrasonic infrared thermal wave identification theories,it is possible to synergistically improve the identification and accurate characterization of abnormal surface thermal waves.The study also considers the current status of research on the detection of surface crack,interfacial crack,and substrate crack.Finally,the application of ultrasonic infrared thermal wave technology in defect detection for remanufactured parts is discussed,and the associated problems to be solved are briefly outlined.