论北朝歌诗的创作与表演——以同题横吹曲、相和挽歌、杂曲本事歌为例

On the Creation and Performance of Northern Dynasty Song Poems

北朝乐府歌诗中的鼓角横吹曲、相和歌、杂曲歌等各有其代表作品。横吹曲中的同源乐歌如《折杨柳歌辞》与《折杨柳枝歌》等,是多次改编再创作的歌诗作品;相和歌中的挽歌重实用,广泛使用在北朝贵族和皇室葬礼上;杂曲歌中的本事体歌诗《杨白花》,继承了西晋故事体歌诗情节曲折、敷衍史实的特点,更具表演性。这些歌诗展示了北朝歌诗在创作与表演方面均具独特风格,体现了文学创作与说唱表演的密切关系,为后代尤其是唐代歌诗的发展奠定了坚实基础。

Gu jiao heng chui qu,xiang he lyrics and za qu lyrics in the yuefu poetry of the Northern Dynasty have their own representative works.The poems of the same origin that can be performed with music in the heng chui qu such as"Lyric of Plucking Willows"and"Song of Plucking Willows"are poems adapted and re-created for many times.The elegies in xiang he lyrics are practical and widely used in funerals of nobles and royal families in the Northern Dynasty.The story-style poem"Yang Bai Hua"in the miscellaneous songs inherits the characteristics of the story-style song poem in the Western Jin Dynasty,tortuous and perfunctory with historical facts,is more performative.These poems show the unique style of poetry in the Northern Dynasty in terms of creation and performance,reflect the close relationship between literary creation and talking-and-singing performance,and lay a solid foundation for the development of poetry in later generations,especially in the Tang Dynasty.