秦王朝皇帝理论的政治伦理缺陷及其后果

Political Ethical Defect of the Emperor Theory of the Qin Dynasty and Its Consequences

秦王朝短命而亡固然有其执政理念、政策体系及六国残余势力等的影响,但它所建构的皇帝理论在政治伦理上存在的缺陷在根本上是难辞其咎的。皇帝制度建构起来以后,秦王朝仍然延续了无限尊崇圣人的理念,并因圣王合一的特点而将帝王摆在了至高无上的神圣地位上,使其能够以圣人之禀赋而率性而为,奉行霸道政治伦理,虽以圣王自居,以救世自命,但在实践中却已是政令日非,民生愈艰,终至于不亡不止。秦王朝的短命而亡,并非皇帝制度体系的缺陷所致,而是皇帝制度体系在政令制定及政策运营的伦理指导上存在根本性缺陷所致。

Although the short death of the Qin Dynasty was caused by its ruling philosophy,policy system and the remnants of the six states,the political ethical defects of the emperor theory it constructed were also to blame.After the establishment of the imperial system,the Qin Dynasty still continued the concept of infinite reverence for saints,and placed the emperor in the supreme sacred position due to the unity of the holy and the emperor so that the emperor assuming himself a saint with talent could act arbitrarily,and pursue dictatorial political ethics.Although he regarded himself as a holy emperor and claimed to save the world,the government orders were less obeyed,and people’s livelihood was becoming worse in practice.Eventually,the Qin Dynasty collapsed.Its short death was not caused by the defects of the imperial system,but by the fundamental defects of its ethical guidance in the formulation of political decrees and the operation of policies.