《背影》论争:1950年代初期的一个“课程事件”

The Debate on The Sight of Father's Back:A"Curriculum Event"in the Early 1950s

1950年代初期,围绕朱自清的著名散文《背影》是否该入选教科书、入选后如何教学发生了一场著名的论争,刊物编者、教材编者及中学教师从不同的角度对此文进行了阐释。最终,课文被替换,教材编者公开检讨。通过对这个新中国历史上一个重大的“课程事件”的梳理和辨析可知,《背影》接受与否源于多种外部因素,其阐释结果受制于阐释者的强制阐释方式。为了规避这种源于文本之外的强制阐释再次出现,科学的做法是回归文本与历史,并关注儿童。

In the early 195Os,there was a famous debate about whether Zhu Ziqing's famous prose,"The Sight of Father's Back",should be chosen in Chinese textbooks and how to teach students after selection.Publication editors,textbook editors,and middle school teachers interpreted this prose from different perspectives.Ultimately,“The Sight of Father's Back”was replaced,and the textbook editors had a public self-criticism.Through the analysis of the significant curriculum event in the history of New China and the discriminations of various interpretations,this paper argues that the acceptance of this prose stemmed from a variety of external factors,and the interpretation result was subject to the imposed interpretation method of the interpreter.In order to avoid the reappearance of this imposed interpretation originating from outside the text,the scientific approach is to return to text and history and pay attention to the students.