荷兰中小学公民身份课程:从内隐、专题走向国家课程

Citizenship Curriculum in Elementary and Secondary Schools in the Netherlands:The Evolvement from Implicit and Thematic to National Curriculum

近五十多年来,荷兰中小学公民身份课程历经从内隐到专题再走向“科目”化国家课程,其探索过程反映着荷兰教育政策及学校课程应对全球化背景下国际社会政治文化变化的必然选择。当前体现荷兰中小学公民身份国家课程的《公民身份》课程强调学生应被视为公民,向他们提供知识和技能,激励他们发展自己的观点并形成包容态度,使其行为、角色、权利和责任与其年龄和发展水平相匹配。有关各学段公民身份课程十项内容模块的层次设计,以“目标导向”构建“连贯性”和“可识别性”的学习任务,保持梯度逐渐加强和纵向横向一致的内容体系安排等经验,对加强我国中小学公民身份课程建设具有积极借鉴意义。

The citizenship curriculum in elementary and secondary schools in the Netherlands has evolved from implicit and thematic to a"subject"national curriculum during the past 50 years.Its exploration process reflects the inevitable choice of Netherlandish policy on education and school curriculum in response to political and cultural transformations of the international community in the era of globalization.The current citizenship curriculum,which embodies the national citizenship curriculum in elementary and secondary schools in the Netherlands,highlights that students should be treated as citizens,provided with knowledge and skills,and stimulated to develop their perceptions and cultivate a liberal attitude.Therefore,their behaviors,roles,rights,and responsibilities are supposed to conform to their age and development level.The hierarchical design of the ten content modules of the citizenship curriculum in each study section,the goal-oriented construction of coherent and identifiable learning tasks,and the systematic arrangement of the content to sustain both upgradation of the scale and vertical and horizontal consistency have a positive reference significance for enhancing the development of citizenship curriculum in elementary and secondary schools in China.