水稻抗倒伏性评价方法及机理的研究现状与展望

Research Advances and Prospects of Evaluation Methods and Mechanisms of Rice Lodging Resistance

倒伏是影响水稻生产的主要限制因素之一。倒伏后群体冠层结构遭到破坏,叶片光合速率锐减,同时群体内部湿度增加诱发真菌性病害和穗发芽,进而影响稻米品质和产量。本文综述了水稻倒伏的评价方法和诱发原因、抗倒伏能力与茎秆理化特性的关系、抗倒伏基因的挖掘及功能研究等方面的研究进展,比较分析了不同水稻倒伏评价方法的特点,分析了株型等形态性状、氮肥运筹、种植密度、种植方式以及大风、暴雨、臭氧等环境因素对水稻倒伏的影响,归纳了纤维素含量、木质素含量以及维管束数目等茎秆物理特性及化学成分与水稻倒伏的关系,总结了矮化相关基因和纤维素合成相关基因参与水稻抗倒伏的调控机制。此外,文章展望了未来水稻抗倒伏研究方向,并提出一些建议:(1)创新和优化水稻倒伏评价体系;(2)挖掘鉴定新的抗倒伏基因,强化水稻抗倒伏的机理研究;(3)选育抗倒伏水稻品种;(4)根据品种、栽培条件和气候环境等因素制定倒伏综合应对措施。

Lodging is one of the main limiting factors affecting rice production. It can damage the canopy structure, decrease the leaf photosynthesis rate and increase the population humidity. These undesirable factors could induce fungal diseases, cause spike germination, and then affect the quality and the yield of grain. This paper reviewed the research status of the evaluation methods of rice lodging and inducing causes, the relationship between lodging resistance and the physical and chemical properties of the stem, and the identification and functional study of lodging resistance genes. We compared the characteristics of different rice lodging evaluation methods, analyzed the effects of plant type, field managements including nitrogen fertilizer management, planting density and planting methods, and environmental factors including the gale, rainstorm, and ozone on lodging, summarized the effects of the physical properties and chemical components of stems including cellulose content, lignin content and the number of vascular bundle on lodging, concluded the regulation mechanism of dwarf related genes and cellulose synthesis related genes involved in lodging resistance in rice. In addition, we prospect the future research on lodging resistance and put forward some research suggestions:(1) Innovating and optimizing the evaluation system of rice lodging;(2) Identifying new lodging resistance genes and strengthening the mechanism research of rice lodging resistance;(3) Breeding lodging resistance rice varieties;(4) According to the factors of varieties, cultivation conditions and climate environment, formulating the comprehensive response measures of lodging.