保卫恩格斯:基于主题的学术史考察

Defending Engels: An Investigation Based on Thematic Academic History

国际学界制造了“马-恩对立”论,进而推断恩格斯不是马克思主义者,这在本领域产生了一定的影响,恩格斯需要保卫并非危言耸听。文章通过以主题的逻辑演进为框架,按照哲学改造、社会批判和经济分析三大主题的逻辑演进,揭示了恩格斯与马克思的思想合作与理论互补。较之惯常的唯心主义与唯物主义的“决裂型”发展模式,马克思和恩格斯的贡献主要在于三大主题互为环节、相互渗透、相伴而行。任何一条马克思主义的重要原理,必须同时引证马克思和恩格斯在不同时期、不同文本中的思想,否则用孤立命题表达马克思主义原理都有断章取义之嫌。因此,要实现从“两极对立”方法论向“主题互补”方法论的转变,保卫恩格斯实质上就是保卫马克思主义。

The "Marx-Engels Conflicts" theory created by international academia, and the consequent inference that Engels was not a Marxist, has certain repercussions in the field. Accordingly, defending Engels is not alarmist. This paper reveals the intellectual cooperation and theoretical complementarity between Engels and Marx by following the thematic logical evolution of three main themes: philosophical transformation, social criticism and economic analysis. In contrast to the usual "rupture" development mode between idealism and materialism, the contribution of Marx and Engels lies in the fact that the above three main themes are interlinked, interpenetrating and inter-accompanying. Any significant principles of Marxism must be accompanied by references to the ideas of Marx and Engels at different times and in different texts, otherwise it would be out of context to express Marxist principles in isolated propositions. Therefore, for the change from "polar opposites" methodology to "theoretical complementarity" one, defending Engels is essentially defending Marxism.