儒学仁本论下涩泽荣一东亚近代资本主义发展观再反思

Rethinking on Development View of Shibusawa Eiichi’s East Asian Modern Capitalism under Theory of Confucian Benevolence

“仁”的思想一直以来都被认作是儒学的重要核心思想之一,同在儒家文化辐射圈内的日本亦是受此影响。涩泽荣一运用儒家仁本思想成功助力了日本社会在近代实现转型。日本的殖产兴业、文明开化似乎是对西方技术及思想的全盘吸收,不过在资本主义意识形态本身上却并未产生一致的论调,诞生了以涩泽荣一为代表的“士魂商才”思想。资本主义思潮与儒家仁义价值体系的碰撞在日本产生了奇妙的结合。儒学中“仁”内在于人性,是人所应该追求的道德理性。而“仁义正道”同“货殖富贵”则是相生与共的关系。涩泽荣一对此作出了重新解读,他破除封建礼教与拜金主义的双重迷信,重拾孔子思想的精粹,并用实践证明儒家之道是变与不变的辩证结合,天道不变与变法维新是事物发展的一体两面。因此从儒学仁本论视角对涩泽荣一的近代资本主义发展观进行新的反思具有重要意义。

The thought of benevolence has always been regarded as one of the important cores of Confucianism, and Japan in the radiation circle of Confucian culture is also affected by this. Shibusawa Eiichi successfully helped the transformation of Japanese society in modern times by applying the Confucian theory of benevolence. Japan’s development and civilization seemed to be the total absorption of Western technology and ideas, but there was no consistent argument in the capitalist ideology itself, and the thought of "the soul of the scholar and the talent of the merchant" was born, represented by Shibusawa Eiichi. The collision of capitalist thought and Confucian value system of benevolence produced a wonderful combination in Japan. In Confucianism, the benevolence lies in human nature and is the moral reason that people should pursue. Shibusawa Eiichi broke the dual superstition of feudal ethics and money worship, recovered the essence of Confucius thought, and proved in practice that the Confucian way is a dialectical combination of change and unchanging, and that the unchanging way and the reforming way are the two sides of the development of things. Therefore, it is of great significance to rethink Shibusawa Eiichi’s modern capitalist development view from the perspective of Confucian benevolence.