乡村振兴背景下农村金融改革面临的现实状况与路径选择

The Realistic Situation and Path Choice of Rural Financial Reform under the Background of Rural Revitalization

乡村振兴是为推动“三农”事业发展而提出的重大战略,在实施乡村振兴战略过程中,需要全面而深度的金融服务支持,打造适合“三农”特点的农村金融体系显得尤为重要。在乡村振兴背景下,农村经济基本面状况发生了深刻变化,包括农村人口、农村经济组织管理形式、农村经济内部结构、土地流转、新型经营主体发展等方面的转变。农村经济基本面的变化直接影响农村金融需求侧的调整,在三大需求板块相对稳固的格局下,农村金融需求更多建立在乡村振兴的目标上,在需求规模和结构、利益联结机制、内生储蓄流失等方面存在新的变化;农村金融供给侧的变化则主要体现在供给主体构成和金融资源投放的相对失衡方面,供给侧的发展难点还包括农村金融市场建设、金融服务创新、金融科技应用等。在乡村振兴背景下,结合农村经济金融发展的现实状况,农村金融改革的路径选择应当坚持“有效市场”和“有为政府”的结合,建立农村金融“三级”市场基本架构;在“市场过程范式”的理论指导下,通过供需两侧相向的市场化功能结构改造,优化市场机制作用的发挥,并在新的需求领域创新农村金融服务方式。

Rural revitalization is a major strategy proposed to promote the development of the "three rural issues". In the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy, comprehensive and deep financial services are required. It is particularly important to build a rural financial system suitable for the characteristics of "three rural issues". In the context of rural revitalization, profound changes have taken place in the basic situation of the rural economy, including changes in the rural population, the form of rural economic organization and management, the internal structure of the rural economy, land circulation, and the development of new business entities.The changes of rural economic fundamentals have a direct impact on the adjustment of rural financial demand side. Under the relatively stable pattern of the three demand sectors, rural financial demand is more based on the goal of rural revitalization, and there are new changes in the scale and structure of demand, benefit linkage mechanisms, and endogenous savings leakage. The changes on the supply side of rural finance are mainly reflected in the relative imbalance of the supply subject composition and the financial resources. The development difficulties on the supply side also include the construction of rural financial market, financial service innovation, and financial technology application. In the context of rural revitalization, in combination with the reality of rural economic and financial development, the path selection of rural financial reform should adhere to the combination of "effective market" and "promising government", and establish the basic structure of rural financial "three-tier" market. Under the guidance of the theory of "market process paradigm", we should optimize the role of the market mechanism and innovate the rural financial service mode in the new demand field through the transformation of the marketoriented functional structure on both sides of supply and demand.