美国农业收入保险:制度缘起、路径选择与镜鉴

Agricultural Income Insurance in the United States:Institutional Origin,Path Selection and Reference

现阶段,我国已迈入全面推进乡村振兴、扎实推进共同富裕新阶段,农业保险领域亟需突破传统农业保险模式,开拓农业保险稳定收入的新功能,从“保成本”向“保收入”高层次迈进。为了探寻适合我国国情和农情的农业收入保险发展路径并制定针对性强的政策措施,本文选取农业收入保险发展最为成功的美国作为典型样本,进行跨区域对比。文章首先阐述美国农业收入保险的缘起和演变过程;其次,介绍美国农业收入保险体系构成、路径选择,并系统归纳农业收入保险的典型成功经验;最后,结合我国农业收入保险试点运行中出现的典型问题,以及中、美两国农业收入保险之间的异同,就如何推进我国农业收入保险发展提出政策建议。

At this stage,China has entered a new stage of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and solidly promoting common prosperity.It is urgent to break through the traditional agricultural insurance model in the field of agricultural insurance,develop new functions of agricultural insurance to stabilize income,and move from"cost protection"to"income protection".In order to explore the development path of agricultural income insurance that is suitable for China's national and agricultural conditions and to formulate targeted policy measures,this paper selects the United States,where agricultural income insurance has been developed most successfully,as a typical sample and conducts cross-regional comparison.The article firstly explains the origin and evolution of agricultural income insurance in the United States;secondly,it introduces the composition of the agricultural income insurance system and the path selection in the United States,and systematically summarizes the typical successful experience of agricultural income insurance;thirdly,it puts forward policy recommendations on how to promote the development of agricultural income insurance in China,taking into account the typical problems in the pilot operation of agricultural income insurance in China and the similarities and differences between agricultural income insurance in China and the United States.Lastly,taking into account the typical problems in the pilot operation of agricultural income insurance in China and the similarities and differences between agricultural income insurance in China and the United States,the paper makes policy recommendations on how to promote the development of agricultural income insurance in China.