去中心化元宇宙的法治困境与出路

The Legal Dilemma and Outlet of the Decentralized Metaverse

元宇宙与沉浸式网络游戏之间的本质区别在于,它具有连接虚拟世界与现实世界的经济体系。基于区块链的应用程度,元宇宙可以分为中心化、部分去中心化以及去中心化3种架构。去中心化私人数字货币存在严重的法律和金融风险,应坚决予以禁止,但禁止任何数字货币的监管政策切断了虚拟世界与现实世界的经济连接点,应允许去中心化程度较弱的其他数字货币存在。非同质化通证(Non-Fungible Token, NFT)为数字财产提供了一种去中心化的确权和流通方式,但NFT在元宇宙内发挥的作用有限,应警惕资本的过度炒作。去中心化自治组织(Decentralized Autonmous Organization, DAO)革新了元宇宙的治理模式,但完全去中心化的用户自治会导致法律责任主体缺失。从长远来看,真正有发展潜力的是部分去中心化元宇宙或中心化元宇宙。

The essential difference between a metaverse and an immersive online game is that the former has an economic system that connects the virtual world with the real world. Based on the degree of application of blockchain, metaverse can be divided into three architectures: centralization, partial decentralization and decentralization. Decentralized private digital currency has serious legal and financial risks and should be resolutely prohibited. However, the regulatory policy of prohibiting any digital currency will cut off the economic connection between the virtual world and the real world, and other digital currencies with a weaker degree of decentralization should be allowed. Though NFT provides a way to determine the ownership of digital property and facilitate its circulation, it plays a limited role in metaverse,so we should be vigilant to guard against excessive speculation in the market. DAO has revolutionized the governance model of metaverse, but the complete decentralization of user autonomy will lead to the lack of the subject of legal responsibility. In the long run, the real potential for development is the partial decentralized metaverse or centralized metaverse.