饲养方式对苏尼特羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响

Effects of Feeding Regimens on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Rumen Bacteria Community of Sunit Sheep

旨在研究不同饲养方式(放牧和舍饲)对苏尼特羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响。选取健康的3月龄苏尼特羊24只,平均体重为(20.16±1.56)kg,随机分为2组,每组12只羊。对照组(舍饲组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(放牧组)采食天然牧草。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)舍饲组苏尼特羊终末体重、平均日增重和胸围显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。2)舍饲组苏尼特羊胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和肉骨比显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。3)舍饲组的背最长肌亮度(L*)值、蒸煮损失率和剪切力值显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),背最长肌pH24 h显著低于放牧组(P<0.05)。4)与放牧饲养相比,舍饲组的Shannon指数显著降低(P<0.05),门水平上,舍饲显著提高了瘤胃中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度,显著降低了瘤胃中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。在属水平上,舍饲显著提高了瘤胃中普雷沃氏菌属_1(Prevotella_1)的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了瘤胃中理研菌科_RC9_肠道群属(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)和丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio_2)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,舍饲降低了苏尼特羊的瘤胃菌群多样性,改善了育肥增重效果和屠宰性能,提高了苏尼特羊背最长肌的剪切力和蒸煮损失率,但劣化了羊肉的加工品质和食用口感。

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of feeding regimens on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and the rumen bacteria community of Sunit sheep.Twenty-four healthy Sunit sheep aged 3 months with the average body weight of(20.16±1.56)kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with 12 sheep in each group.The control group(confinement group)was fed a basal diet and the experimental group(pasture group)was fed natural forage.The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the trial period was 90 days.The results were shown as follows:1)The final body weight,average daily gain and chest circumference of the Sunit sheep in the confinement group were significantly higher than those in the pasture group(P<0.05).2)The carcass weight,net meat weight,dressing percentage and meat to bone ratio were significantly higher in the confinement group than in the pasture group(P<0.05).3)The longissimus dorsi muscle brightness(L*)value,cooking loss and shear force of the confinement group were significantly higher than those of the pasture group(P<0.05),while the pH24 hof longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly lower than that of the pasture group(P<0.05).4)Compared to pasture feeding,the Shannon index of the confinement group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).At the phylum level,confinement feeding significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen(P<0.05).At the genus level,confinement feeding significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella_1(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Butyrivibrio_2 in the rumen(P<0.05).Overall,confinement feeding decreases the rumen microbial diversity of Sunit sheep,improves the weight gain effect and slaughter performance of Sunit sheep,enhances cooking loss and shear force of longissimus dorsi muscle,but degrades the processing quality and eating taste of mutton.