猫瘙痒性皮肤病病例临床特征与治疗效果回顾性分析

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features and Treatment Response of Feline Pruritic Skin Diseases

本研究旨在总结猫瘙痒性皮肤病临床特征及常见治疗方案的疗效,同时调查奥拉替尼在诊断为猫过敏性皮肤病病例中的应用情况,并与泼尼松龙进行疗效对比分析。本研究收集了自2021年1月—2022年3月前往中国农业大学动物医院就诊的符合要求的138例病例,记录患病猫的基本信息、临床特征、治疗方案及疗效等信息,进行统计学分析。结果显示:在此138例病例中,占比最高的品种是英国短毛猫(27.54%),雄性与雌性的比例为1.42∶1,平均就诊年龄为2.84岁。标签外使用奥拉替尼治疗猫过敏性皮肤病的有效率虽然稍逊于泼尼松龙,但针对有效病例而言,其疗效显著(P<0.05),且两者对症状的改善程度无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明,猫瘙痒性皮肤病无明显品种和性别倾向,发病多集中于青年时期,最常见的病灶类型为抓痕,最常见的病灶部位为头颈部。在猫瘙痒性皮肤病的病因诊断中,猫过敏性皮肤病占主导地位,亟需引起重视。在治疗方面,视情况联合用药效果更佳。基于奥拉替尼和泼尼松龙的作用机理,前者的安全性要高于后者,故可以尝试使用奥拉替尼替代泼尼松龙对猫过敏性皮肤病进行瘙痒控制,但猫用奥拉替尼属于标签外使用,因此仍需进一步研究奥拉替尼对猫的安全性及使用剂量。

The study mainly focuses on the feline pruritic skin diseases,the aim was to investigate and summarize the clinical features,analyzed the clinical efficacy of common treatment options,and focused on the application of oclacitinib in feline hypersensitivity associated dermatoses,and compared the efficacy with prednisolone.We collected 138 cases who visited China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between January 2021 and March 2022,the basic information,clinical features,treatment options,clinical efficacy,and other information were recorded and analyzed.Among the 138 cases,the breed with the highest proportion was British short hair(27.54%),the male-to-female ratio was 1.42∶1,and the average age at consultation was 2.84 years old.Although the efficacy rate of off-label use of oclacitinib in the treatment of feline hypersensitivity associated dermatoses is slightly lower than that of prednisolone,but for effective cases,the efficacy is significant(P<0.05),and there is no significant difference in the improvement of symptoms(P>0.05).This study showed that feline pruritic skin disease has no obvious breed and gender orientation,and the onset is mostly in young age.The most common type of lesions is scratches,and the most common lesions are on the head and neck.In the etiological diagnosis of pruritic skin disease in cats,hypersensitivity associated dermatoses in cats dominates,more attention should be paid to it.In terms of treatment,the combination of drugs according to the situation is better.Based on the mechanism of oclacitinib and prednisolone,the safety of the former is higher than that of the latter,so oclacitinib can be used instead of prednisolone for pruritus control of feline hypersensitivity associated dermatoses,but the oclacitinib in cats is off-label used,so further research is needed for the safety and dosage of oclacitinib in cats.