班簋等器铭文所示西周中晚期“东土”边域之态势

Frontiers of the Eastland(dong tu)in the Middle to Late Western Zhou Dynasty:Evidence from Bronze Inscriptions

周公东征之后,周人在东国地区建侯立邦,形成了以齐、鲁等侯在此地为王朝戍守开拓的格局。西周王朝中晚期,“东土”边域的局势日趋紧张。班簋、史密簋、师簋等青铜器铭文,记载了这一时期“东土”边域时常受到属东夷、淮夷等族邦的侵伐,形势不甚稳固,甚至出现重大的军事危机。这些危机皆由王朝军为主力军队平定,表明整个西周时期中央军事力量始终强于地方,边域地区亦能由周王严格控驭,虽有地方军事力量逐渐坐大的势头,但尚未出现强侯各自为政的局面。

After the Eastern Expedition of Zhou Gong,the Zhou people founded states in the eastern region,where the princes of Qi and Lu were stationed and exploited for the dynasty.By the middle to late Western Zhou period,the situation in the Eastern Territory border became increasingly tense.The inscriptions of Ban Gui,Shi Mi Gui,and Shi Yuan Gui suggested that the border area of the Eastern Territory in the middle and late Western Zhou was often invaded by the Dongyi and the Huaiyi.The situation was not stable and major military crises took place.These military crises were calmed by the army sent by the dynasty,implying that the central government of the dynasty still had a stronger military power than the local government throughout the Western Zhou,and the border areas could also be controlled by the king of Zhou.Although the local military forces are gradually gaining momentum,there has not yet been a situation in which the powerful marquises act independently.