脂肪干细胞外泌体在皮肤瘢痕形成中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in skin scar formation

脂肪干细胞外泌体是脂肪干细胞分泌的亚细胞结构,是一种可以运输多种细胞成分并通过旁分泌作用于靶细胞的纳米级膜囊泡,在细胞间的物质交换及信息交流中起着重要作用。瘢痕愈合是皮肤组织损伤后最常见的愈合方式,病理性瘢痕不仅会造成运动功能障碍,还会导致畸形,影响患者外观,给患者带来生活及精神上的压力。近年来,许多研究表明脂肪干细胞外泌体内含有多种生物活性分子,这些分子通过影响成纤维细胞的增殖与迁移及细胞外基质的成分,从而对减少瘢痕形成及无瘢痕创面愈合起重要作用。该文主要对近年来关于脂肪干细胞外泌体在瘢痕形成中的作用及其机制的文献进行综述,并对未来脂肪干细胞外泌体在瘢痕治疗中的应用发展进行展望。

The adipose-derived stem cell exosomes are subcellular structures of adipose stem cells.They are nano-sized membrane vesicles that can transport various cell components and act on target cells by paracrine,and they play an important role in the exchanges of substance and information between cells.Scar healing is the commonest way of healing after skin tissue injury.Pathological scar can not only cause movement dysfunction,but also lead to deformity,which affects the appearance of patients and brings life and mental pressure to the patients.In recent years,many researches have shown that the adipose-derived stem cell exosomes contain a variety of bioactive molecules,which play an important role in reducing scar formation and scar-free wound healing,by affecting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and the composition of extracellular matrix.This article reviewed the recent literature on the roles and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar formation,and prospected the future application and development of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar treatment.