金属增材制件的超声无损检测与评价研究进展

Applicationof ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation on metal additive manufacture parts

金属增材制件在航空航天、核电等高端领域应用日益广泛,及时获取缺陷和微观组织结构信息,对改进制造过程、保证产品质量和相关设备的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。然而,特殊的制造工艺导致金属增材制件内部晶粒粗大,组织各向异性复杂,声波衰减严重,给超声检测带来了很大挑战。该文简要梳理了金属增材制造过程中常见的缺陷类型和成型件微观组织结构特征;从传统水浸式超声检测、相控阵超声检测和激光超声检测3个方面,重点论述了超声检测技术在金属增材制件缺陷检测领域的应用现状;提出基于超声检测技术无损评价金属增材制件微观组织结构和力学性能的原理以及评价模型建立方法,并对相关重难点做了阐述;最后总结了超声无损检测技术在金属增材制件质量评价领域应用中面临的挑战和发展趋势,并对未来应重点关注的研究方向给出建议。

Metal additive manufacture(MAM)parts are gradually applied in aerospace,nuclear power and other key fields,timely acquiring defects and microstructure information is of great significance to improve the manufacturing process and ensure the product quality and reliability of corresponding equipment.However,the special manufacturing process leads to the coarse grains,complex anisotropy and serious acoustic attenuation in the MAM parts,which brings great challenges to ultrasonic testing(UT).The common defect types and microstructure characteristics of MAM parts are briefly introduced.The UT application status in defect detection of MAM parts is reviewed from three aspects:immersion UT,phased array UT and laser UT.The principles and evaluationmodel of nondestructive evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of MAM parts are outlined.Finally,the challenges and the prospects of ultrasonic nondestructive testing in MAM parts are discussed,and the suggestions for future research directions are given.