摘要
近年来,以全氟异丁腈(C_(4)F_(7)N)为核心的环保绝缘气体凭借优良的电气性能获得了广泛关注。尽管C_(4)F_(7)N在新一代气体绝缘设备中获得了初步应用,但是评估C_(4)F_(7)N的职业及环境健康暴露风险是确保其大规模安全应用的前提。文中通过亚急性吸入毒性试验(28天)、延长一代生殖毒性试验和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,综合评估了C_(4)F_(7)N混合气体的生物安全性及应用可行性。试验结果表明,大鼠亚急性吸入C_(4)F_(7)N气体后观察到的无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)为3693μL·L^(-1),靶器官主要为肺脏;C_(4)F_(7)N气体对孕鼠母体、胎仔发育毒性的最小有害作用致畸剂量(LOAEL)为5898.2μL·L^(-1),主要表现为子代骨骼发育畸形。C_(4)F_(7)N气体体积分数大于500μL·L^(-1)时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率上升(雌雄总数),可能导致小鼠体内骨髓红细胞染色体突变。综合来看,C_(4)F_(7)N气体对大、小鼠的毒性作用均出现在高剂量组。实际工程应用中,可以采取一定的防护措施并对设备进行气体泄漏的定性和定量监测,通过控制吸入C_(4)F_(7)N气体的体积分数和时间来确保相关人员的安全。
In recent years,the eco-friendly insulating gas with perfluoroisobutyronitrile(C_(4)F_(7)N)as the core has at-tracted wide attention due to its excellent electrical performance.Although C_(4)F_(7)N has been initially applied in the new generation of gas-insulated equipment(GIE),assessing the occupational and environmental health exposure risks of C_(4)F_(7)N is the premise to ensure its large-scale safety application.In this paper,the biosafety of C_(4)F_(7)N gas mix-ture was comprehensively evaluated through subacute inhalation toxicity test(28 days),extended generation repro-ductive toxicity test and micronucleus test of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes.The results showed tha the NOAEL observed after subacute inhalation of C_(4)F_(7)N gas in rats was 3693μL·L^(-1),and the target organ was mainly lung.The minimum toxic effect of C_(4)F_(7)N gas on maternal and fetal development toxicity of pregnant rats was5898.2μL·L^(-1)(LOAEL),mainly manifesting in skeletal malformation.When the concentration of C_(4)F_(7)N gas is greater than 500μL·L^(-1),the micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow increases(tota number of male and female),which may lead to mutation of bone marrow erythrocytes in mice.In general,the toxic effects of C_(4)F_(7)N gas on rats and mice were found in the high-dose group.In practical engineering applications,certain protec-tive measures can be taken and qualitative and quantitative monitoring of gas leakage can be carried out on the equip-ment,the safety of relevant personnel can be ensured by controlling the concentration and time of inhaled C_(4)F_(7)N gas.
作者
叶凡超
张晓星
田双双
李祎
刘伟豪
万茜茜
肖淞
YE Fanchao;ZHANG Xiaoxing;TIAN Shuangshuang;LI Yi;LIU Weihao;WAN Qianqian;XIAO Song(Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China;School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《高压电器》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期1-7,共7页
High Voltage Apparatus
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52107145)。
