北京市露天停车场尘负荷特征及管控研究

Study on road fugitive dust characteristics and control of open-air parking lot in Beijing

为研究北京市露天停车场扬尘排放特征,本研究应用道路尘负荷车载移动监测系统对北京市城区311个露天停车场进行监测.结果表明:北京市城区不同环线范围内露天停车场尘负荷均值排名为三~四环(3.44 g·m^(-2))>六环外(3.11 g·m^(-2))>五~六环(3.07 g·m^(-2))>四~五环(2.62 g·m^(-2))>二环内(2.46 g·m^(-2))>二~三环(2.37 g·m^(-2)),二~三环各停车场尘负荷值比较相近,而五~六环相差较大.从停车场铺装类型来看,砌块、沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土铺装占比分别为41.3%、37.0%和21.7%,水泥混凝土占比虽少但其尘负荷值高.露天停车场及周边道路尘负荷值也与露天停车场的分布密度相关,分布密集的露天停车场及周边道路的尘负荷值明显较高.不同铺装方式的停车场尘负荷季节特点均表现为春季>夏季,砌块铺装型停车场尘负荷值春、夏两季差别大.因此,相关部门应重视露天停车场的修补和清扫工作,升级水泥和砌块铺装.

In order to analyze the characteristics of road fugitive dust emissions from open-air parking lots in Beijing,we monitored 311 open-air parking lots in the urban area of Beijing based on vehicle-mounted monitoring system.The results show that the average road fugitive dust ranked as the third-forth ring road(3.44 g·m^(-2))>sixth ring road outside(3.11 g·m^(-2))>fifth-sixth ring road(3.07 g·m^(-2))>forth-fifth ring road(2.62 g·m^(-2))>second ring road inside(2.46 g·m^(-2))>second-third ring road(2.37 g·m^(-2)).The road fugitive dust in the second-third ring road were relatively close,while those in the fifth-sixth rings were quite different.The proportions of block,asphalt concrete and cement concrete pavement were 41.3%,37.0%and 21.7%,respectively.Although the proportion of cement concrete was small,its road fugitive dust was high.The road fugitive dust of the densely distributed open-air parking lot and surrounding roads was significantly higher.The road fugitive dust in spring was greater than that in summer for parking lots with different paving methods.Therefore,government departments should pay attention to the repair and cleaning of open-air parking lots and upgrade the cement and block pavement.