传统音乐表演中的“乐感”生成——来自琴家成公亮“语气说”的启示

The Generation of"Music Sense"in Traditional Music Performance:Enlightenment from Guqin Master Cheng Gongliang's Theory of"Tone"

音乐表演中的“乐感”,其一端植根于音乐的表现,另一端则以音响形态呈现。当代琴家成公亮在古琴教学中常提到的“语气”或可充当打通二者的中介。他所说的“语气”,主要有三个方面的内容:一是注重音乐表达的整体性与内在逻辑,须有特定的语气贯穿始终;二是立足“句”的概念,以句为单元进行音乐表演;三是以技法处理演奏的轻重疾徐,讲究细微的分寸感。音乐表演中对“语气”的强调,目的在于实现“生动”,而其方法,全在“有变化”。“语气”一词通俗易懂,又与表达紧密相连,对于乐感的训练与养成无疑具有积极意义。

The Music Sense"in music performance is rooted in the performance of music and presented in the form of sound.The "tone"often mentioned by contemporary Guqin master Cheng Gongliang in Guqin teaching may serve as an intermediary.The "tone"he mentioned mainly has three aspects:First,paying attention to the integrity and internal logic of musical expression,which must have a specific tone throughout.Second,dealing with the performance of music based on the concept of "sentence".Third,handling the intensity and the speed of music with technical treatment,which pays attention to the subtle sense of proportion.The emphasis on "tone"in music performance is aimed at realizing "vividity"and its methods are all about"variation".Since the term "tone"is easy to understand and closely related to expression,it undoubtedly has positive significance for the training and development of musicality.