软岩大变形隧道马蹄形掘进机研发设想与展望

Design Philosophy and Prospect of Horseshoe-Shaped Boring Machine for Soft Rock Tunnels with Large Deformation

基于国内外大量高地应力软岩隧道工程案例和理论研究,分析掘进机在软岩地层施工的难点,对掘进机进行有针对性的研发设计,提出基于“应力释放”设计理念的“软马”掘进机和“半马”掘进机,以及基于“及时支护”理念的“外马”掘进机。结合掘进机开挖、支护、衬砌同步施工的特点,探索马蹄形掘进机关键技术及施工方案,吸收国内外软岩大变形地质隧道的施工经验,将先导螺旋开挖装置、拱架外置、盾体变径等技术应用于马蹄形掘进机的设计,预期可解决软岩大变形隧道施工中的问题。最后对全域软岩地质施工装备进行研发展望,概述基于“多地质适应性”理念的多功能、多模式马蹄形隧道掘进机等,以期对软岩大变形地质条件下掘进机工法建造隧道提供新的解决方案和思路。

The challenges faced by boring machines tunneling in soft rocks are investigated based on numerous global engineering cases and theoretical studies,and targeted improvements and designs are proposed.These designs include soft rock and haft-open horseshoe-shaped boring machines based on the design philosophy of advance stress release and horseshoe-shaped boring machines with external advance support based on the design philosophy of timely support.Considering the excavation,support,and synchronous grouting characteristics of boring machines and construction experience in soft rock tunnels with large deformation,key techniques and construction schemes for horseshoe-shaped boring machines are explored.Moreover,technologies such as advance screw excavation equipment,external arch frame,and shield body diameter variation are applied to the design phase to fulfill the construction requirements.Finally,the development of soft rock tunnel construction equipment is examined,highlighting the need for multifunctional and multimodal boring machines suitable for various geologies.This search for new solutions for soft rock tunnels with large deformation aims to introduce a more efficient and effective way of constructing tunnels in challenging geological conditions.