湿地生态系统植硅体及其封存有机碳研究进展

A Review on Phytoliths and Phytolith-occluded-carbon in Wetland Ecosystem

湿地是生态系统的重要组成部分,其在演变发育过程中储存了大量环境变化信息,同时,其碳储量巨大,在全球生态系统碳汇中占据重要地位。植硅体作为气候变化的指示剂、长期碳封存的途径,在古环境和全球碳汇研究中备受关注。研究湿地生态系统植硅体及其封存有机碳,对探讨湿地中植被类型变化、重建区域古生态环境、估算长期碳封存潜力,以及调节全球碳循环和应对全球气候变暖等方面具有重要意义。因此,在查阅、梳理国内外相关研究文献的基础上,从湿地生态系统植硅体的形态与分类、含量与分布及影响因素等基础研究,提取技术研究,以及在湿地古生态环境和全球碳汇潜力中的应用研究3大方面进行归纳与比较,并对未来湿地生态系统植硅体的研究方向进行展望,可为未来开展湿地生态系统植硅体与植硅体碳汇研究提供借鉴。

Wetland is an essential part of global ecosystems.Wetlands store a substantial amount of environmental change information during their evolution and development process.Wetland ecosystems also store large amounts of carbon,making them as important parts of the global ecosystem carbon sink.As an indicator of climate change and a way to sequester carbon in the long-term,phytoliths have attracted much attention in paleoenvironmental and global carbon sink research.The study of phytoliths and their sequestration of organic carbon in wetland ecosystems is of great significance for exploring changes in vegetation types in wetlands,reconstructing the regional paleoecological environment,estimating the long-term carbon sequestration potential,and regulating the global carbon cycle to mitigate global warming.The relevant Chinese and international research literature have been reviewed and summarized and compared from the following three aspects:the morphology and classification,content and distribution,influencing factors and other basic researches of phytoliths,the extraction technology of phytoliths,and the applications of phytoliths in studies on wetland paleoecological environments,as well as in the studies of global carbon sink potential of wetland ecosystems.The useful future directions for phytolith research are summarized.This review could provide a reference for future researches on phytoliths and phytolith carbon sinks in wetland ecosystems.