爱与欲的现实主义叙写——沈从文《看虹摘星录》再解读

Realistic Narration of Love and Desire:Reinterpretation of SHEN Congwen's Watching Rainbow and Picking Stars

沈从文有过把《梦与现实》《摘星录——绿的梦》和《看虹录》三个文本结集为《看虹摘星录》的意愿。它们在创作手法与精神气质上有相通之处,都具有梦幻空灵的美学特征,也在直面人物内心蠢动的情绪、发掘人类灵魂的底蕴等方面,富有一定的现实主义文学的内涵。在毫不矫饰的真诚叙写中,小说折射出了抗战大后方知识分子的一种生存样态。此外,沈从文在蔼理士性心理学的影响下,秉承“文学为人生”这一现实诉求,意图借助文学抒发情欲,达到情感和心理的平衡,从而更好地服务社会。可见,有一种现实主义文学观念隐晦地存在于《看虹摘星录》中。这既是沈从文战时创作向现实主义倾斜的一个例证,也为中国现代文学中的现实主义书写增添了一个新的向度。

SHEN Congwen had the intention to combine the three texts of Dream and Reality,Excerpt of Stars-Green Dream and Looking at the Rainbow into a collection called Watching Rainbow and Picking Stars,which have something in common in their creative techniques and spiritual temperament,both of which have the aesthetic characteristics of illusion and emptiness.They are also rich in the connotation of realism literature in terms of facing the inner jerky emotions of characters and exploring the details of human souls.In the sincere narration without affectation,the novel reflects a kind of survival state of intellectuals in the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War.In addition,SHEN Congwen,influenced by Havelock Ellis,a sexual psychologist and adhering to the realistic appeal of"writing for life",intended to express his passion through literature to achieve the balance of emotion and psychology,so as to better serve the society.It can be seen that there is a kind of realistic literary concept that exists implicitly in the Watching Rainbow and Picking Stars.This is not only an example of SHEN Congwen's creation in wartime tending to realism,but also adds a new dimension to realism writing in modern Chinese literature.