地方艺术史书写的反思——以平武报恩寺与北京智化寺的比较研究为例

Reflection on the Writing of the Local Art History:Comparative Study of the Pingwu Baoen Temple and the Beijing Zhihua Temple

地处川藏交界处的平武报恩寺从其建造开始就有其实为宫殿的传言,对此学界有不少论述围绕此争论展开研究。目前学界对其建造形制为何会与一般佛教寺庙相区别,更近似于紫禁城故宫的风格的问题并未做出可靠的分析。而与报恩寺同时修建的北京智化寺,是明英宗朝廷的权臣王振为自己所建的家庙,两者同为敕修的报恩寺,在对佛道严格管控的明代,两者之间是否有联系?两者的区别何在?这些问题值得深入讨论。文章运用历史文献和情境分析的方法揭示两座寺庙在建造规模设计上的联系与区别,从而解读报恩寺独特建筑形式的内涵与意味。通过对地方艺术形式嬗变的分析,揭示出艺术史写作应注意从情境分析去把握,从而实现对传统艺术史的重新认识与书写。

The Pingwu Baoen Temple,located at the junction of Sichuan and Tibet,has been rumored to be a palace since the time when it was just built up.There are many studies about such debate.At present,there are no credible analyses on the reason that its construction form is different from the general Buddhist temples but more similar to the style of the Forbidden City.The Beijing Zhihua Temple,which was built at the same time as the Baoen Temple,was a family temple built by Wang Zhen,the powerful minister of the period of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty.These two temples were both built by the imperial order in the Ming Dynasty which controlled the Buddhism and Daoism strictly.It is worthy to deeply study the relationship and difference between the two temples.Based on the analysis of historical literature and situation,the connection and difference between the two temples in the design of construction scale are revealed to interpret the connotation and meaning of the unique architectural form of the Baoen Temple.Through the analysis of the evolution of local art forms,it shows that the writing of art history should be grasped from situational analysis,so as to realize the re-understanding and writing of traditional art history.