气候变化对新疆膜下滴灌花生适宜播期的影响

Effects of climate change on the suitable sowing dates for peanut under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang

为探索气候变化条件下新疆不同区域膜下滴灌花生适宜播期,该研究利用北疆和南疆试验区实测地温数据与同期平均气温数据确定了花生播种前日平均地温与日平均气温之间的关系,并基于新疆51个气象站点1951—2020年气象资料,分析了气候变化条件下新疆不同产区膜下滴灌花生播期的变化规律。结果表明:播种前农田表层土壤温度与日平均气温呈较强的线性相关性,当春季连续5 d日平均气温维持在14.00和16.10℃时,同期表层土壤温度维持在12和15℃;播前连续5 d表层土壤温度维持在12℃时播种,东疆、南疆和北疆花生产区播期日序数多年平均值分别为106.94、108.53和121.09;播前连续5 d表层土壤温度维持在15℃时播种,东疆、南疆和北疆花生产区播期日序数多年平均值分别为114.39、117.02和128.58;近70年新疆绿洲花生适播期平均日气温呈上升趋势,东疆、南疆和北疆地区花生适播期分别提前了1.44~1.75、1.13~1.43和1.05~1.88 d/10a;根据播前农田耕层土壤地温与播后根区土壤地温的变化规律,新疆膜下滴灌花生适宜播期,东疆花生产区比南疆早2 d左右,南疆比北疆早12 d左右,目前,北疆花生产区适宜的播期为4月底至5月上旬。研究结果可为新疆绿洲不同花生产区适宜播种日期的选择提供技术支持。

Global warming has posed a great threat to agricultural production,as the worldwide climate changes dramatically.As such,the temperature can be one of the key factors to influence the growth of crops in arid and semiarid areas.In this study,the peanut was taken as the research crop in the main production areas of Xinjiang in China.The optimal sowing date of peanuts was proposed under mulched drip irrigation in the different study areas under the condition of climate change.The ground and average temperature were first collected in the same period in the experimental areas of North and South Xinjiang.The relationship was then determined between the average daily ground temperature and the average daily air temperature before sowing peanuts.The meteorological data of 51 stations was also collected from the establishment of stations in 2020.A systematic analysis was made to explore the influence of ever-increasing temperature on the sowing date of peanuts.The result showed that there was a strong linear correlation between the farmland surface soil temperature and meteorological temperature before the sowing.Further analysis showed that the farmland surface soil temperature increased with the increase of the average daily air temperature after spring,and the soil temperature in the root zone increased rapidly with the increase of air temperature after the sowing.Once the surface soil temperature was maintained at more than 12,13,14,and 15 for five℃consecutive days,the optimal daily Ordinal Numbers of sowing time were 106.94,109.79,112.39,and 114.39 in eastern Xinjiang,while 108.53,111.44,114.36,and 117.02 d in the southern Xinjiang,as well as 121.09,124.10,126.65,and 128.58 in the northern Xinjiang.The average root zone soil temperature was above 20 within 0℃-20 days after peanut sowing with drip irrigation under mulch in the peanut production area.Furthermore,the root zone soil temperature fully met the demand for peanut seed germination,only under the condition of suitable soil moisture in the root zone.In addition,the average daily ground temperature of peanuts in the suitable sowing period increased in Xinjiang oasis after spring over 70 years.The average sowing date of peanuts was also advanced by 1.44-1.75,1.13-1.43,and 1.05-1.88 days per decade under mulched drip irrigation in East,South and North Xinjiang,respectively.A comprehensive analysis was also performed on the change trends of the soil temperature before sowing and the soil ground temperature in the root zone after the sowing.The suitable sowing date of peanuts under mulched drip irrigation was about two days earlier in the production areas of the East than the South Xinjiang,while about 12 days earlier in the South than the North Xinjiang.The suitable sowing time was early May in the production areas of North Xinjiang.The findings can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of suitable sowing dates in different production areas of peanut in Xinjiang oasis.