饲养密度对西门塔尔公牛增重和动物福利的影响

Effects of Stocking Density on Weight Gain and Animal Welfare of Simmental Bulls

[目的]为了研究饲养密度对西门塔尔公牛增重及抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]试验选择黑龙江省某种牛场健康的11~13月龄西门塔尔公牛24头,并按照体重分层随机分组,每组8头,组间始重无显著差异,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲养密度分别为8 m^(2)/头、10 m^(2)/头、12 m^(2)/头,试验预饲期10 d,试验期40 d,共50 d。[结果]在试验结束时,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组试验牛体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组试验牛均表现随投料后时间延长,趴卧率逐渐增高,Ⅲ组试验牛晨饲后和晚饲后2 h的趴卧率显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。在试验开始时,Ⅰ组血液CREA水平显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验结束,Ⅰ组血液CREA和HSP-70水平显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]在相同增重水平下,西门塔尔公牛由420 kg育肥至490 kg,饲养密度为8 m^(2)/头时,牛舍空间利用效率更高,但长期饲养有威胁动物健康的风险,考虑动物福利和增重水平,推荐饲养密度为10 m^(2)/头。

[Objective]To investigate the effect of stocking density on weight gain and animal welfare of Simmental bulls.[Method]Twenty-four healthy Simmental bulls with 11-13 month age were divided into following groups by body weight randomly:The stocking density of groupⅠ,groupⅡand groupⅢwas 8 m^(2)per head,10 m^(2)per head and 12 m^(2)per head,respectively.[Result]At the end of the test,there was no significant difference in cattle weight in groupⅠ,groupⅡand groupⅢ(P>0.05).The lying-prone rate were gradually increased with the time extension after feeding in every group,and the lying-prone rate of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠand groupⅡafter morning and evening feeding(P<0.05).The CREA levels of groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of groupⅢat the beginning of the test(P<0.05),and the CREA and HSP-70 levels of groupⅠwere significantly higher than that of groupⅡand groupⅢat the end of the test(P<0.05),and other indexes were no significant differences(P>0.05).[Conclusion]At the same weight gain level,the space utilization rate of the cowshed was higher when the stocking density was 8 m^(2)per head with Simmental bulls were fattened from 420 kg to 490 kg.However,Long-term feeding had a risk of animal health.Considering the animal welfare and weight gain level,the recommended feeding density is 10 m^(2)per head.